- Feb 22 Santino Garsi da Parma, Italian composer (d. 1604)
- Jun 15 Richard Grenville, English privateer, explorer, politician and vice-admiral (established Roanoke colony), born in Bideford, England (d. 1591)
- Jun 24 St. John of the Cross [Juan de Yepes y Álvarez], Spanish Carmelite mystic, saint, priest and poet, born in Fontiveros, Ávila, Spain (d. 1591)
- Sep 25 Elisabeth van Nassau, daughter of William and Juliana van Stolberg, sister of William I of Orange, born in Dillenburg (d. 1603)
- Oct 4 Roberto Bellarmino, Italian saint (Doctor of the Church), born in Montepulciano, Italy (d. 1621)
Akbar (1542-1605)
Oct 15 3rd Mughal Emperor of India (1556-1605), born in Umerkot, Sindh
Mary, Queen of Scots (1542-1587)
Dec 8 Queen of Scots [Mary Stuart], Queen of Scotland (1560-87), born in Linlithgow Palace, Scotland
