- Jan 5 Shah Jahan, 5th Mughal Emperor of India (1628-58) who built the Taj Mahal for his beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal, born in Lahore, Mughal Empire (d. 1666)
- Jan 14 Sjihab al-Din Sultan Choerram Sjah Djahan, leader of India
- Jan 22 Pierre Gassendi, Champtercier Provence, scientist/philosopher
- Jan 27 Pierre de La Barre, composer
- Mar 28 John Amos Comenius, Czech-speaking Moravian teacher, educator and writer, born in Margraviate of Moravia, Crown of Bohemia (Nivnice, Czech Republic) (d. 1670)
- Apr 11 John Eliot, English parliament leader, born in Port Eliot, Cornwall, England (d. 1632)
- Apr 14 Abraham Elsevier, book publisher/publisher
- May 1 Johann A Schall von Bell, German missionaries/astronomer
- May 8 Francis Quarles, English poet (Argalus & Parthenia, Emblems)
- May 13 John Cloppenburg, vicar/theologist
- Jun 13 Tobias Michael, German composer, born in Dresden (d. 1657)
- Jul 10 Pierre d'Hozier, French historian (d. 1660)
- Jul 19 Erhard Buttner, German composer, born in Römhild (d. 1625)
- Aug 12 Willem earl of Nassau-Siegen, Dutch gov (Fort Emmerik/Heusden)
- Aug 28 George Villiers, 1st duke of Buckingham/PM (1625-28), born in Brooksby, England (d. 1628)
- Oct 22 Gustaf Horn, Swedish soldier and politician (d. 1657)
- Nov 5 Charles Chauncy, English-born president of Harvard College (d. 1672)
- Nov 8 Domenico Mazzocchi, composer