- Jan 5 Henry Lawes, English composer, born in Dinton, United Kingdom (d. 1662)
- Jan 13 Jan van Goyen, Dutch landscape painter, born in Leiden (d. 1656)
- Mar 11 Isaac Elsevier, book publisher
René Descartes
Mar 31 René Descartes, French philosopher (he thought, therefore he was), born in Descartes, Indre-et-Loire, France (d. 1650)
René Descartes
- May 9 Abraham van Diepenbeeck, Dutch painter, baptized in 's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands (d. 1675)
- Jun 23 Johan Banér, Swedish soldier (d. 1641)
- Jun 29 Emperor Go-Mizunoo, 108th Emperor of Japan, born in Kyoto, Japan (d. 1680)
- Jul 22 Michael I, first Russian Tsar of the House of Romanov (1613-45), born in Moscow, Russia (d. 1645)
- Aug 16 Frederick V, Elector Palatine and King of Bohemia, born in Deinschwang, near Amberg, Upper Palatinate (d. 1632)
- Aug 18 Jean Bolland, Flemish Jesuit writer and historian (Acta Sanctorum), born in Tirlemont, Netherlands (d. 1665)
- Aug 19 Elizabeth Stuart, Electress of the Palatinate, "The Winter Queen" of Bohemia and daughter of James VI and I of England and Scotland, born at Dunfermline Palace, Fife, Kingdom of Scotland (d. 1662)
- Aug 26 Frederik V, king of Bohemia (White Mountain)
- Sep 4 Constantijn Huygens, Dutch diplomat and poet, born in The Hague, Netherlands (d. 1687)
- Sep 23 Joan Blaeu, cartographer/publisher
- Sep 28 Vredius [Olivier de Wree], Flemish historian and mayor of Brugge, born in Brugge, Belgium (d. 1652)
- Dec 3 Nicolo Amati, Italian violin maker (Stradivari & Guarneri), born in Cremona, Italy (d. 1684)
- Dec 21 Petro Mohyla, Moldovan Orthodox Metropolitan Bishop of Kiev and Galicia (d. 1646)