- Jan 6 Carl von Rabenhaupt, Bohemian Hussite nobleman, born in Bohemia (d. 1675)
- Feb 9 Franciscus van de Enden, Flemish jesuit/free thinker/tutor of Spinoza
- Feb 14 Pier Francesco Cavalli, Italian opera composer, born in Crema, Lombardy, Italy (d. 1676)
- Feb 18 Per Brahe (the younger), Swedish soldier (d. 1680)
- Mar 4 Kanō Tan'yū [Kanō Morinobu], Japanese painter (palaces, portraits), born in Kyōto, Japan (d. 1674)
- Mar 18 Jacques de Billy, French mathematician (d. 1679)
- Mar 29 John Lightfoot, English theologist and scholar (Horae Hebraicae), born in Stoke-on-Trent, England (d. 1675)
- Apr 2 Maria de Jesus de Agreda [Maria Coronel], Spanish franciscan, born in Agreda, Spain (d. 1665)
- Apr 30 William Lilly, English astrologer, born in Diseworth, Leicestershire, England (d. 1681)
- May 26 Philippe de Champaigne, French painter, born in Brussels, Belgium (d. 1674)
- Jul 14 Jules Mazarin, French cardinal, French 1st Minister (1642-61)
- Aug 10 Gilles de Roberval, French mathematician (d. 1675)
- Aug 31 Amalia, countess of Solms-Braunfels, wife of Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange
- Oct 12 William Chillingworth, English religious leader, born in Oxford, England (d. 1644)
- Nov 22 Elisabeth of France, Queen consort of Philip IV of Spain (1621-44), born in Palace of Fontainebleau, France (d. 1644)
- Nov 27 Chiara Margarita Cozzolani, Italian Baroque music composer, singer and Benedictine nun, born in Milan, Habsburg Spain (now Italy) (d. ca. 1676–1678)
- Nov 30 Otto von Guericke, German scientist, inventor, and politician, born in Magdeburg, Holy Roman Empire (d. 1686)
- Dec 18 Simonds d'Ewes, English antiquarian and politician (d. 1650)