- Jan 28 Giovanni Alfonso Borelli, mathematician and astronomer, born in Naples, Kingdom of Naples, Spanish Empire (now Italy) (d. 1679)
- Feb 5 Gaspar Schott, German mathematician (d. 1666)
- Feb 6 Antonio Vieira, Portuguese diplomat & preacher, born in Lisbon, Portugal (d. 1697)
- Apr 25 Gaston, Duke of Orleans, brother of French King Louis XIII, born in Palace of Fontainebleau, France (d. 1660)
- May 15 René Goupil, French Catholic missionary (Canadian Martyrs) (d. 1642)
- Jun 19 Thomas Fuller, British scholar, preacher and historian (History of the Worthies of Britain), born in Aldwincle, Northamptonshire (d. 1661)
- Jul 13 Ferdinand III, King of Hungary & Bohemia and Holy Roman Emperor (1637-57), born in Graz, Duchy of Styria (d. 1657)
- Jul 14 George Goring, Lord Goring, English royalist soldier (d. 1657)
- Sep 1 Giacomo Torelli, Italian stage designer, engineer and architect, born in Fano, Duchy of Urbino (now Italy) (d. 1678)
- Oct 15 Evangelista Torricelli, Italian physicist (inventor of barometer), born in Rome, Papal States (d. 1647)
- Nov 23 Francisco Manuel de Mello, Portuguese writer (Catalan Revolt), born in Lisbon, Portugal (d. 1666)
- Dec 6 George Monck, English general (Civil War Royalist, Battle of Dunbar, Anglo-Dutch Wars), born in Great Potheridge, England (d. 1670)
John Milton (1608-1674)
Dec 9 English poet and puritan (Paradise Lost), born in London, England
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