- Jan 9 Johann Weichmann, German organist, and sacred and secular music composer (Sorgen-Lägerin), born in Wolgast, Pomerania (d. 1652)
- Jan 31 Georg Friedrich of Waldeck, Dutch-German prince and Field Marshall (commanded Dutch States Army and German forces), born in Arolsen, County of Waldeck (d. 1692)
- Feb 4 Gustaf Bonde, Swedish statesman (d. 1667)
- Feb 15 Francois Charpentier, French scholar and archaeologist, born in Paris, France (d. 1702)
- Feb 16 Frederick William, Great Elector, ruler of Brandenburg-Prussia (1640-88), born in Berlin (d. 1688)
- Mar 12 Johann Heinrich Hottinger, Swiss philologist and theologian (d. 1667)
Marguerite Bourgeoys (1620-1700)
Apr 17 French founder of the Congregation of Notre Dame (first Canadian saint), born in Troyes, France
- Apr 24 John Graunt, English statistician, founder of science of demography, born in London (d. 1674)
- May 23 Pieter Neefs, the Younger, Flemish painter, baptized in Antwerp
- Jun 29 Masaniello [Tommaso Aniello], Italian fisherman and leader of the 1647 Naples revolt against the rule of Habsburg Spain, born in Naples, Spanish Empire (d. 1647)
- Jul 21 Jean Picard, French astronomer, born in La Flèche, France (d. 1682)
- Jul 29 Nicolaas Heinsius, Dutch philologist/diplomat
- Sep 6 Isabella Leonarda, Italian religious composer, born in Novara, Italy (d. 1704)
- Sep 29 Jean Louis d'Elderen, 63rd prince-bishop of Luik (1688-94), born in Tongeren (modern Belgium) (d. 1694)
- Oct 1 Nicolaes Pietersz Berchem, Dutch landscape painter and etcher, born in Haarlem, Netherlands (d. 1683)
- Oct 20 Aelbert Cuyp, Dutch painter, born in Dordrecht (d. 1691)
- Oct 30 Michael de Ronghe, composer, born in Antwerp, Belgium (d. 1696)
- Oct 31 John Evelyn, English writer and diarist (Life of Mrs Godolphin), born in Wotten, England (d. 1706)
- Nov 10 Anne "Ninon" de l'Enclos, French patron of the arts, courtesan and writer, born in Paris, France (d. 1705)
- Nov 20 Peregrine White, First English child born in the Massachusetts Bay Colony, born aboard the Mayflower (d. 1704)
- Dec 18 Heinrich Roth, German Sanskrit scholar, born in Dillingen, Germany (d. 1668)