- Jan 11 John Rogers, American President of Harvard in the US (d. 1684)
- Feb 19 Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, founder of the Maratha Empire, born at Shivneri fort (d. 1680) birth date according to Government of Maharashtra
- Feb 19 Shivaji Bhonsle, Indian warrior (disputed birth date; 1630-02-19 accepted by Indian government), born in Shivneri Fort, India (d. 1680)
- Mar 1 Ferdinand van Apshoven de Jongere, Flemish painter, baptized
- Mar 24 José Saenz d'Aguirre, Spanish cardinal, born in Logro, Old Castile (d. 1699)
- Apr 28 Charles Cotton, English poet and writer, born in Alstonefield, Staffordshire, England (d. 1687)
Charles II
May 29 Charles II, King of England, Scotland and Ireland (1660-85), born in St. James's Palace, London (d. 1685)
Charles II
- Jun 10 Willem van Bemmel, Dutch painter/etcher
- Aug 1 Thomas Clifford, English statesman (1st Baron Clifford of Chudleigh), born in Ugbrooke, Devon, England (d. 1673)
- Aug 27 Maria van Oosterwijck, Dutch flower painter
- Sep 17 Ranuccio II Farnese, Duke of Parma (d. 1694)
- Oct 14 Sophia of Hanover, Princess Palatine and Electress of Saxony (d. 1714)
- Nov 18 Eleanor Gonzaga, Empress of the Holy Roman Empire (d. 1686)
- Nov 24 Etienne Baluze, French scholar (d. 1718)
- Nov 27 Archduke Sigismund Francis of Austria (d. 1665)
- Dec 12 Olof Rudbeck, Swedish scientist, writer and composer, born in Västerås (d. 1702)