- Jan 1 Antoinette du Ligier de la Guard Deshoulieres, French poet/playwright
- Jan 1 Emperor Go-Sai of Japan (d. 1685)
- Jan 11 Nicolas Steno, Danish scientist prominent in anatomy and geology, and later Catholic priest, bishop, and candidate for sainthood, born in Copenhagen, Denmark (d. 1686)
- Jan 12 Ernst R Tarhemberg, Austrian fieldmarshal (Turkish Wars)
- Jan 24 Charles Sackville, 6th Earl of Dorset, English poet (d. 1706)
- Mar 14 Johann Georg Gichtel, German mystic and religious leader, born in Regensburg, Germany (d. 1710)
- Mar 15 Shunzhi Emperor of China (1644-1661) Third Qing Emperor, born in Shengjing (d. 1661)
- Mar 23 Frederik Ruysch, Dutch anatomist
- Apr 11 Diogo Dias Melgás, Portuguese composer of sacred polyphonic music, born in Cuba, Alentejo, Portugal (d. 1700)
- May 6 Henry Capell, 1st Baron Capell, English politician and First Lord of the British Admiralty, born in Hadham Parva, Hertfordshire (d. 1696)
- May 13 Richard Simon, French Biblical critic (d. 1712)
- Jun 15 Samuel Apostool, Dutch vicar/theologist (The Sun)
- Jul 6 Gerrit Berckheyde, Dutch painter, born in Haarlem, Netherlands (d. 1698)
- Jul 8 Matteo Coferati, composer
- Jul 10 David Teniers III, Flemish painter, born in Antwerp, Belgium (d. 1685)
- Jul 15 Giovanni Buonaventura Viviani, Italian composer, born in Florence (d. 1693)
- Aug 6 Nicolas Malebranche, French rationalist philosopher, born in Paris (d. 1715)
Maria Theresa of Spain
Sep 10 Maria Theresa of Spain, Queen of Louis XIV of France, born in El Escorial, Spain (d. 1683)
- Oct 18 Lars Johnstown [Lasse Lucidor], Swedish poet
- Oct 31 Meindert Hobbema, Dutch landscape painter, baptised in Amsterdam (d. 1709)
- Nov 25 Catherine of Braganza, Portuguese Roman Catholic Queen of Charles II of England, born in Vila Vicosa, Portugal (d. 1705)
- Dec 24 Ralph Montagu, 1st Duke of Montagu, English diplomat, born in London, England (d. 1709) (baptism date)