- Jan 2 Osman III, sultan of Turkey (1754-57), born in Edirne Palace, Edirne (d. 1757)
- Jan 9 Robert Joseph Pothier, French lawyer (influential writer on French Law), born in Orléans, France (d. 1772)
- Feb 17 Georg Wenzeslaus von Knobelsdorff, Prussian architect (Sanssouci) and painter, born in Kuckädel, Poland (d. 1753)
- Mar 23 John Bartram, naturalist and explorer, father of American botany, born near Darby, Pennsylvania (d. 1777)
- Mar 25 Johann Adolph Hasse, German composer (Antonio e Cleopatra), baptized in Bergedorf, Germany (d. 1873)
- Apr 7 Andreas Benedikt Praelisauer, German choirmaster and composer, baptized in Kötzting, Electorate of Bavaria (now Bad Kötzting, Germany) (d. 1743)
- Apr 17 Robert Blair, Scottish poet (The Grave), born in Edinburgh, Scotland (d. 1746)
- May 13 Marquis of Pombal, Prime Minister of Portugal (1756-1777), born in Lisbon, Portugal (d. 1782)
- May 14 Hans Joachim von Zieten, Prussian field marshal (d. 1786)
- May 31 Alexander Cruden "Alexander the Corrector", Scottish biblical scholar and eccentric, compiler of a concordance to King James Bible, born in Aberdeen, Scotland (d. 1770)
- Aug 10 Christoph Gottlieb Schröter, German organist (St Nikola Church, Nordhausen, 1732-82), composer, and inventor of the tangent piano, born in Hohenstein-Ernstthal, Saxony (now Germany) (d. 1782)
- Aug 13 John Dyer, Welsh painter and poet, (Grongar Hill) born in Aberglasney, Wales (d. 1758) (Baptism date)
- Nov 2 Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin, French painter, born in Paris (d. 1779)
- Nov 13 Jan Zach, Czech violinist, organist, and composer, baptized in Čelákovice, Bohemia (d. 1773)
- Nov 30 Christian VI, King of Denmark and Norway, born in Copenhagen Castle, Denmark (d. 1746)
- Dec 8 Maria Josepha of Austria, Queen consort of Poland (1734-57), born in Hofburg Palace, Vienna, Austria (d. 1757)
- Dec 19 William Bowyer, English printer (d. 1777)
- Dec 23 Joseph Gibbs, English composer and organist, born in Colchester (d. 1788)