- Jan 22 Carl Hockh, German composer and violinist (d. 1773)
- Feb 1 Frederick Louis, English prince of Wales and son of George II, born in Hanover, Germany (d. 1751)
- Feb 7 Carl August Thielo, composer
- Feb 15 Claude Prosper, novelist, born in Paris, France
- Feb 25 Carlo Goldoni, Italian playwright and librettist (Belisario, Servant of Two Masters), born in Venice, Republic of Venice (d. 1793)
- Mar 7 Stephen Hopkins, American politician who signed the US Declaration of Independence, born in Providence, Rhode Island (d. 1785)
Leonhard Euler
Apr 15 Leonhard Euler, Swiss mathematician (Euler's Constant), born in Basel, Switzerland (d. 1783)
Carolus Linnaeus
May 23 Carolus Linnaeus [Carl von Linné], Swedish botanist, explorer and the Father of Taxonomy, born in Råshult, Sweden (d. 1778)
- Jul 14 Jacques-Philippe Lamoninary, French composer and violinist, born in Maroilles, France (d. 1802)
- Aug 24 Selina Hastings, Countess of Huntingdon, English evangelical revivalist, born in Ashby-de-la-Zouch, Leicestershire (d. 1791)
- Sep 7 George-Louis Leclerc, count de Buffon, French naturalist and writer on natural history (Histoire naturelle, générale et particulière), born in Montbard, France (d. 1788)
- Dec 18 Charles Wesley, English Methodist leader (brother of John Wesley) and hymn writer (Hark! The Herald Angels Sing), born in Epworth, England (d. 1788)