- Jan 22 Carl Hockh, German composer and violinist (d. 1773)
- Feb 1 Frederick Louis, English prince of Wales and son of George II, born in Hanover, Germany (d. 1751)
- Feb 7 Carl August Thielo, Danish composer, opera director, and court organist, born in Høsterkøb, Denmark (d. 1763)
- Feb 15 Claude Prosper Jolyot de Crébillon, French satirical novelist (The Skimmer), born in Paris, France (d. 1777)
- Feb 25 Carlo Goldoni, Italian playwright and librettist (Belisario, Servant of Two Masters), born in Venice, Republic of Venice (now Italy) (d. 1793)
- Mar 7 Stephen Hopkins, American politician who signed the US Declaration of Independence, born in Providence, Rhode Island (d. 1785)
Leonhard Euler (1707-1783)
Apr 15 Swiss mathematician (Euler's Constant), born in Basel, Switzerland
Carl Linnaeus (1707-1778)
May 23 Swedish botanist, explorer and the Father of Taxonomy, born in Råshult, Sweden
- Jul 14 Jacques-Philippe Lamoninary, French composer and violinist, born in Maroilles, France (d. 1802)
- Aug 24 Selina Hastings, Countess of Huntingdon, English evangelical revivalist, born in Ashby-de-la-Zouch, Leicestershire (d. 1791)
- Sep 7 George-Louis Leclerc, count de Buffon, French naturalist and writer on natural history (Histoire naturelle, générale et particulière), born in Montbard, France (d. 1788)
- Dec 18 Charles Wesley, English Methodist leader (brother of John Wesley) and hymn writer (Hark! The Herald Angels Sing), born in Epworth, England (d. 1788)