- Jan 22 Joseph Riepel, Austrian-born German composer, born in Rainbach im Mühlkreis (d. 1782)
- Feb 16 Charles Avison, English composer, born in Newcastle upon Tyne (d. 1770) baptismal date
- Feb 24 Jacques de Vaucanson, French inventor (d. 1782)
- Mar 1 Josef Antonin Gurecky, Czech composer, born in Přerov (d. 1769)
- Mar 10 Georg Steller, German naturalist (d. 1746)
- Jun 25 Francesco Araja, Italian composer, born in Naples, Kingdom of Sicily (d. 1770)
- Jul 11 Johan Gottschalk Wallerius, Swedish chemist and mineralogist, born in Stora Mellösa, Närke (d. 1785)
- Jul 20 James Harris, English philosopher, born in Salisbury, Wiltshire (d. 1780)
Samuel Johnson (1709-1784)
Sep 18 English scholar and lexicographer (A Dictionary of the English Language), born in Lichfield Staffordshire
- Oct 25 Georg Gebel, German musician and composer, born in Brzeg, Silesia (d. 1753) [1]
- Oct 25 Jan Wagenaar, Dutch merchant and historian, born in Amsterdam (d. 1773)
- Nov 2 Anne, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange, eldest daughter of King George II of Great Britain, born in Herrenhausen Palace, Hanover (d. 1759)
- Nov 19 Pierre Leclair, French composer and violinist, born in Lyons, France (d. 1784)
- Nov 22 František Benda, Bohemian violinist and composer, born in Staré Benátky, Bohemia (d. 1786)
- Dec 1 Franz Xaver Richter, Austro-Moravian composer, singer and conductor, born in Holleschau, Moravia (d. 1789) probable place of birth
- Dec 11 Louise Élisabeth d'Orléans, Queen consort of Spain, born in Palace of Versailles, France (d. 1742)
- Dec 23 Jean-Noel Hamal, Belgian composer, born in Liège, Belgium (d. 1778)
- Dec 27 Pieter de Swart, Dutch architect (Royal Palace, Hague) (d. 1773)
Elizabeth of Russia (1709-1762)
Dec 29 Empress of Russia (1741-62) and daughter of Peter the Great, born in Kolomenskoye, Moscow, Russia
