- Feb 5 John Jeffries, colonial physician and meteorologist
- Feb 6 Pierre-Joseph Desault, French anatomist & surgeon, born in Vouhenans, France (d. 1795)
- Feb 9 Amos Bull, American composer (The Responsary), born in Enfield, Connecticut (d. 1825)
- Feb 21 Eise J Eisinga, Frisia, built planetarium Franeker
- Feb 23 Mayer Amschel Rothschild, German Jewish banker and founder of the Rothschild banking dynasty, born in Frankfurt (d. 1812)
- Mar 13 David Allan, Scottish painter, born in Alloa, Scotland (d. 1796)
- Apr 18 Pieter 't Hoen, Dutch journalist and patriot (Neder-Rhijn), born in Utrecht, Netherlands
- Apr 22 James Sullivan, 7th Governor of Massachusetts (1807-08), born in Berwick, Province of Massachusetts Bay (d. 1808)
- May 3 Friedrich Wilhelm Weis, German physician and composer, born in Göttingen, Germany (d. 1826)
- May 4 Marianne Martinez, Austrian composer, born in Vienna, Austria (d. 1812)
- May 18 Joseph Beer, Bohemian clarinetist, and composer (5th clarinet flap), born in Grünwald, Bohemia (d. 1812)
- May 19 Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (d. 1818)
- May 31 Richard Edgeworth, Anglo-Irish inventor and educationalist, born in Bath, Somerset (d. 1817)
- Jun 4 Patrick Ferguson, Scottish army officer and rifle inventor (Ferguson flintlock rifle), born in Pitfours, Scotland (d. 1780)
- Jun 18 Georg Augustin Holler, German composer (d. 1814)
- Jul 17 Elbridge Gerry, American statesman who invented gerrymandering and 5th Vice President of the United States, born in Marblehead, Massachusetts Bay (d. 1814)
- Jul 19 Heinrich Christian Boie, German author and editor, born in Meldorf, Germany (d. 1806)
- Jul 20 Henri Hamal, Belgian organist and composer, born in Liège (d. 1820)
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
Aug 1 Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, French naturalist (Lamarckian evolution), born in Paris, France (d. 1829)
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
- Aug 10 "Fanfan" Alexandrine-Jeanne d'Étiolles, daughter of the courtesan Madame de Pompadour, born in Paris, France (d. 1754)
- Aug 11 Johann Gottlieb Schwencke, German bassonist, born in Breitenau, Saxony
- Aug 12 Rowland Hill, preacher
- Aug 25 Johann G von Herder, German philosopher, theologist and poet, born in Morąg, Poland (d. 1803)
- Sep 15 Georg Ritschel, composer
- Sep 20 Giacomo Quarenghi, Italian-Russian master builder and architect (Hermitage Theater), born in Rota d'Imagna, Republic of Venice (d. 1817)
- Sep 20 Thomas Grosvenor, American Revolutionary War hero (d. 1825)
- Sep 25 Frederick Willem II, King of Prussia (1786-97), born in Berlin Palace, Berlin (d. 1797)
- Oct 4 Domenico Corri, Italian composer, born in Rome (d. 1825)
- Oct 6 James McGill, Scottish-Canadian businessman and philanthropist, born in Glasgow, Scotland (d. 1813)
- Oct 7 Sergey Vyazmitinov, Russian general and statesman (d. 1819)
- Oct 27 Mary Moser, English painter (Flowers Still Life), born in London (d. 1819)
Abigail Adams
Nov 22 Abigail Adams, 2nd US First Lady (1797-1801) (11/11 O.S.), born in Weymouth Massachusetts (d. 1818)
Abigail Adams