- Jan 10 Abraham Louis-Breguet, French clock maker, born in Neuchâtel, Switzerland (d. 1823)
- Jan 15 John Aikin, English doctor and writer, born in Kibworth Harcourt, United Kingdom (d. 1822)
- Jan 19 Johann Bode, German astronomer (Titius–Bode Law), born in Hamburg, Holy Roman Empire (now Germany) (d. 1826)
Casimir Pulaski (1747-1779)
Mar 6 Polish military leader, known as "the father of American cavalry', born in Warsaw, Poland
- Mar 31 Johann Abraham Peter Schulz, German composer (The Moon Has Risen), born in Lüneburg, Germany (d. 1800)
- Apr 13 Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, born in Château de Saint Cloud, Saint-Cloud, France (d. 1793)
- Apr 23 Abbé Alexandre-Auguste Robineau, French composer and painter, born in Paris (d. 1828)
Leopold II (1747-1792)
May 5 Grand Duke of Tuscany (1765-90) and Holy Roman Emperor (1790-92), born in Vienna, Austria
- Jun 24 Johann Melchior Dreyer, German composer, born in Röttingen, Württemberg (d. 1824)
- Jun 26 Leopold Koželuch, Czech composer, born in Velvary, Czech Republic (d. 1818)
- Jul 6 Coelestin Jungbauer, German composer, born in Grattersdorf, Bavaria (d. 1823)
- Jul 6 John Paul Jones, Scottish-American naval captain and the United States first well-known naval hero ("I have not yet begun to fight"), born in Arbigland, Kirkcudbrightshire, Scotland (d. 1792)
- Jul 30 Antonio Benedetto Maria Puccini, Italian composer, born in Lucca, Republic of Lucca (now Italy) (d. 1832)
- Aug 13 Adrien-Joseph van Helmont, Flemish composer, born in Brussels (d. 1830)
- Sep 14 José Joaquim dos Santos, Portuguese organist and composer, born in Obidos, Portugal (d. 1801)
- Oct 8 Jean-François Rewbell, French lawyer and politician, born in Colmar, France (d. 1807)
- Oct 8 Johann Wilhelm Stadler, German composer (d. 1819)
- Oct 11 Marian Paradeiser, Austrian composer, born in Riedenthal, Austria (d. 1775)
- Nov 24 Felice Alessandri, Italian organist, harpsichordist, pianist, and opera composer (d. 1798)
20-29
30-39
40-49
50-59
80-89
Over 90