- Jan 7 Stephen Groombridge, English Astronomer (Catalogue of Circumpolar Stars), born in Goudhurst, Kent (d. 1832)
Alexander Hamilton (1755-1804)
Jan 11 US Founding Father and 1st Secretary of the Treasury (1789-95), born in Charlestown, Nevis, West Indies
- Feb 3 Florido Tomeoni, Italian composer (d. 1820)
- Feb 11 Albert Christoph Dies, German painter, engraver and biographer of Josef Haydn, born in Hanover (d. 1822)
- Feb 13 Francois Alexander Sallantin, French composer, born in Paris (d. 1816)
- Feb 19 Pieter Gerardus van Overstraten, Dutch Governor-General of Dutch East Indies (1796-1801), born in Bergen op Zoom (d. 1801)
- Mar 2 Antoine-Frederic Gresnick, Belgian composer, born in Liège (d. 1799)
- Mar 10 Philipp Christoph Kayser, German composer and pianist, born in Frankfurt (d. 1823)
- Mar 12 Georges Couthon, French politician and lawyer during French Revolution (worked closely with Robespierre in Legislative Assembly), born in Orcet, France (d. 1794)
- Mar 14 Pierre-Louis Couperin, French organist and composer (d. 1789)
- Mar 24 Rufus King, American politician and framer of US constitution, born in Scarborough, Massachusetts (d. 1827)
- Apr 1 Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin, French lawyer and gastronome (wrote 1st book of gastronomy - The Physiology of Taste), born in Belley, France (d. 1826) [1]
- Apr 4 Vincenc Mašek, Bohemian composer, born in Zvíkovec, Kingdom of Bohemia (now Czech Republic) (d. 1831)
- Apr 10 Samuel Hahnemann, German physician, originator of homeopathy, born in Meissen, Dresden (d. 1843)
- Apr 11 James Parkinson, English physician (First description of Parkinson's disease) and political activist, born in Shoreditch, London (d. 1824)
- Apr 16 Élisabeth-Louise Vigée Le Brun, French painter, born in Paris (d. 1842)
- Apr 27 Marc-Antoine Parseval, French mathematician (Parseval's theorem), born in Rosières-aux-Salines, France (d. 1836)
- May 10 Robert Gray, American sea captain and explorer who pioneered the maritime fur trade along the northern Pacific coast of North America, born in Tiverton, Rhode Island, British America (d. 1806)
- May 19 Gabriele Prota, Italian composer, born in Naples (d. 1843)
- May 21 Alfred Moore, American judge (d. 1810)
- Jun 1 Frederigo Fiorillo, Italian violist, mandolinist, and composer, baptized in Brunswick (d. 1823)
Nathan Hale (1755-1776)
Jun 6 American Revolutionary War patriot, "I only regret that I have but one life to give for my country", born in Coventry, Connecticut, North American Colonies
- Jun 15 Antoine François, comte de Fourcroy, French chemist (d. 1809)
- Jun 25 Princess Natalia Alexeievna of Russia, born in Prenzlau, Brandenburg, Prussia (d. 1776)
- Jun 30 Paul-François-Jean-Nicolas, French politician of the French Revolution, born in Fox-Amphoux, France (d. 1829)
- Jul 5 Sarah Kemble Siddons, English tragic actress (Fatal Marriage), born in Brecon, Wales (d. 1831)
- Jul 6 John Flaxman, English Neoclassical sculptor (Westminster Abbey tomb stones), born in York, England (d. 1826)
- Jul 22 Gaspard de Prony, French mathematician (d. 1839)
- Jul 29 Franz Gotz, Bohemian composer, born in Strašice (d. 1815)
- Aug 1 Antonio Capuzzi, Italian violinist and composer, born in Brescia, Italy (d. 1818)
- Aug 4 Nicolas-Jacque Conte, French painter and inventor (modern pencil), born in Aunou-sur-Orne, France (d. 1805)
- Aug 8 Luigi Marchesi, Italian castrato singer, born in Milan, Habsburg Empire (now Italy) (d. 1829)
- Aug 31 Johann Ignaz Walter, German opera singer and composer, born in Perutz, Bohemia (d. 1822)
- Sep 4 Axel von Fersen the Younger, Swedish Army officer, diplomat and statesman, born in Stockholm, Sweden (d. 1810)
- Sep 9 Benjamin Bourne, American politician (Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Rhode Island), born in Bristol, Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, British America (d. 1808)
- Sep 13 Oliver Evans, American inventor who pioneered high-pressure steam engine, born in Newport, Delaware (d. 1819)
John Marshall (1755-1835)
Sep 24 4th Chief Justice of the United States (1801-35), born in Germantown, Virginia
- Oct 31 Jean Louis van Aelbroeck, Flemish agronomist, born in Zottergem, Belgium (d. 1846)
Marie Antoinette (1755-1793)
Nov 2 Queen of France (1774-92) who allegedly uttered the phrase "let them eat cake", born in Vienna, Austria
Louis XVIII (1755-1824)
Nov 17 1st post-revolutionary King of France (1814-24), born in Versailles, France
- Nov 23 Thomas Lord, English cricket batsman (founder of Lord's cricket ground; Middlesex CCC), born in Thirsk, England (d. 1832)
- Dec 3 Gilbert Stuart, American portrait painter (unfinished portrait of George Washington), born in Saunderstown, Rhode Island (d. 1828)
- Dec 27 Anthony of Saxony, King of Saxony (1827-36), born in Dresden, Holy Roman Empire (d. 1836)