- Jan 6 Jose Melchor Gomiz, Spanish composer, born in Ontinyent, Spain (d. 1836)
- Jan 8 Jacob Collamer, American politician (Sen-Vt), born in Troy, New York (d. 1865)
- Jan 14 Calvin Phillips, American midget & shortest known adult male (67 cm; 2' 2"), born in Bridgewater, Massachusetts (d. 1812)
- Jan 15 Franz Gillparzer, Austrian tragic dramatist (Golden Fleece), born in Vienna, Austria (d. 1872)
- Jan 28 (Louis Joseph) Ferdinand Hérold, French pianist, violinist, and composer of over twenty operas, born in Paris (d. 1833)
- Feb 1 Charles-Joseph Sax, Belgian music instrument builder of wind and brass instruments whose son invented the saxophone, born in Dinant, Wallonia, Belgium (d. 1865)
- Feb 12 Jan David Zocher Jr., Dutch garden architect (Vondelpark, Amsterdam), born in Haarlem, Netherlands (d. 1870)
- Feb 12 Peter Cooper, American industrialist, inventor and philanthropist (Cooper Union, steam locomotive), born in NYC, New York (d. 1883)
- Feb 20 Carl Czerny, Czech-Austrian pianist, composer (Schule der Virtuosen), student of Ludwig van Beethoven, and teacher of Franz Liszt, born in Vienna, Austria (d. 1857)
- Mar 6 Anna Claypoole Peale, American painter of miniatures, born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (d. 1878)
- Mar 9 George Hayward, American surgeon, 1st to use ether (d. 1863)
- Mar 15 Charles Knight, English publisher (The Penny Cyclopaedia), born in Windsor, England (d. 1873)
- Mar 31 Franciszek Wincenty Mirecki, Polish composer, conductor and pedagogue, born in Kraków, Poland (d. 1862)
- Apr 3 Anne Lister, English diarist 'the 1st modern lesbian', born in Halifax, England (d. 1840)
- Apr 9 George Peacock, English mathematician (algebraic theory), born in County Durham, England (d. 1858)
- Apr 12 Francis Preston Blair, American journalist and newspaper editor (Washington Globe), born in Abingdon, Virginia (d. 1876)
James Buchanan (1791-1868)
Apr 23 15th US President (1857-61), born in Cove Gap, Pennsylvania
- Apr 24 Nikolaj Bestuzhev, Russian Navy officer, writer and painter (Decembrist revolt), born in Saint Petersburg (d. 1855)
Samuel Morse (1791-1872)
Apr 27 American inventor (telegraph, Morse code) and painter, born in Charlestown, Massachusetts
- May 11 Jan Václav Voříšek, Czech pianist, organist, and composer, born in Vamberk, Bohemia (now Czech Republic) (d. 1825)
- May 15 Baron Floris van Hall, Dutch nobleman and politician (Prime Minister 1853-56, and 1860-61), born in Amsterdam, Dutch Republic (now Netherlands) (d. 1866)
- May 29 Pietro Romani, Italian conductor and composer, born in Rome (d. 1877)
- Jun 9 John Howard Payne, American actor, playwright (Fair Warning), author and creator of the hit song "Home! Sweet Home!", born in NYC, New York (d. 1852)
- Jun 9 Thomas L. Jennings, American tailor and inventor (dry-cleaning), abolitionist, and desegregationist, born in New York City (d. 1856) [birth date is uncertain, but taken from burial record; many sources cite default of Jan. 1] [1]
- Jun 21 Robert Napier, Scottish marine engineer, born in Dumbarton, Dunbartonshire, Scotland (d. 1876)
- Jun 30 Félix Savart, French surgeon and physicist (law of Biot & Savart), born in Mézières, France (d. 1841)
- Jul 9 Nicolás Ledesma, Spanish organist and composer, born in Grisel, Spain (d. 1883)
- Jul 26 Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart, Austrian composer and 6th child of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, born in Vienna, Austria (d. 1844)
- Sep 1 Lydia Sigourney (née Huntley), American poet and writer (How to Be Happy; Letter of Life), known as "the Sweet Singer of Hartford", born in Norwich, Connecticut (d. 1865)
- Sep 3 Francisco Acuña de Figueroa, Uruguayan poet (Toraidas), born in Montevideo, Uruguay (d. 1862)
- Sep 5 Giacomo Meyerbeer, German opera composer (Gott und die Natur - God and Nature), born in Berlin, Germany (d. 1864)
- Sep 20 Sergey Aksakov, Russian writer (Semejnaja chronika), born in Ufa, Russian Empire (d. 1859) [NS 10/01]
Michael Faraday (1791-1867)
Sep 22 English scientist, discovered electromagnetic induction, invented 1st electric motor, born in Newington Butts, England
- Sep 23 Johann Franz Encke, German astronomer (Encke Comet), born in Hamburg, Holy Roman Empire (d. 1865)
- Sep 23 Theodor Körner, German soldier and poet (Zriny, Leyer und Schwerdt), born in Dresden, Saxony (d. 1813)
Théodore Géricault (1791-1824)
Sep 26 French painter (The Raft of the Medusa), born in Rouen, Normandy, France
- Oct 1 Sergey Aksakov, Russian novelist (Chronicles of a Russian Family), born in Ufa, Russian Empire (d. 1859) [OS 09/20]
- Oct 26 Charles Sprague, American banker and poet (Curiosity), born in Boston, Massachusetts (d. 1875)
- Oct 31 Ferdinand Huber, Swiss composer, born in St. Gallen, Switzerland (d. 1863)
- Nov 11 Josef Munzinger, Swiss Federal Councillor, born in Olten, Switzerland (d. 1855)
- Dec 4 Johann Gottlob Topfer, German composer, born in Niederroßla (d. 1870)
- Dec 9 Peter Josef von Lindpaintner, German composer, born in Koblenz, Germany (d. 1856)
- Dec 12 Marie-Louise of Austria, Duchess of Parma and second wife of Napoleon, born in Hofburg, Vienna, Austria (d. 1847)
- Dec 14 Charles Wolfe, Irish poet, born in Dublin, Ireland (d. 1823)
- Dec 24 Eugène Scribe, French dramatist (Bertrand et Raton), born in Paris, France (d. 1861)
Charles Babbage (1791-1871)
Dec 26 British mathematician and inventor (calculating machine) considered the "father of the computer", born in London