- Jan 1 Henrik Anker Bjerregaard, Norwegian writer and poet (Fjeldeventyret), born in Ringsaker, Norway (d. 1842)
- Jan 8 Lowell Mason, American organist and composer (Zebulo), born in Medfield, Massachusetts (d. 1872)
- Jan 12 Johan August Arfwedson, Swedish chemist (d. 1841)
- Jan 12 Robert Patterson, Irish-American Major General (Union Army), born in Cappagh, County Tyrone, Ireland (d. 1881)
- Jan 14 Christian Julius De Meza, Danish general, born in Helsingør, Denmark (d. 1865)
- Jan 21 Tsjalling Hiddes Halbertsma, Dutch Frisian story teller (Rhymes & Tales), born in Grou, Netherands (d. 1852)
- Feb 8 Caroline Augusta of Bavaria, queen of Hungary and Bohemia (d. 1873)
- Feb 12 Ferdinand de Braekeleer the Elder, Belgian painter of genre scenes, born in Antwerp (d. 1883)
- Feb 19 Roderick Murchison, Scottish Geologist (Silurian system), born in Muir of Ord Ross-shire, Scotland (d. 1871)
- Feb 20 Eliza Courtney, English illegitimate daughter of Charles Grey and Georgiana Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire, born in Aix-en-Provence (d. 1859)
- Feb 23 István Ferenczy, Hungarian sculptor (d. 1856)
- Feb 27 Baldomero Espartero, Spanish general and statesman (Regent of Spain for Isabella II), born in Granátula de Calatrav, Spain (d. 1879)
- Feb 28 Karl Earnest von Baer, Estonian-German embryologist (founding father of embryology), born in Jerwen County, Governate of Estonia, Russian Empire (d. 1876)
Gioachino Rossini (1792-1868)
Feb 29 Italian composer (Barber of Seville, William Tell), born in Pesaro, Italy
John Herschel (1792-1871)
Mar 7 English astronomer and photographer who invented the blueprint and catalogued southern hemisphere stars, born in Slough, England
- Apr 4 Thaddeus Stevens, US Radical Republican congressional leader (Rep-R-Pennsylvania 1849-53 1859-68), born in Danville, Vermont (d. 1868)
- Apr 12 John George Lambton, British statesman (1st Earl of Durham), born in London, England (d. 1840)
- Apr 23 John Romney Robinson, Irish astronomer and physicist, born in Dublin, Ireland (d. 1882)
- Apr 25 John Keble, Anglican priest and founder (Oxford Movement), born in Fairford, Gloucestershire, England (d. 1886)
- Apr 30 Johann Friedrich Schwencke, German organist and composer, born in Hamburg, Holy Roman Empire (now Germany) (d. 1852)
- May 13 Pius IX "Pio Nono" [Giovanni-Maria Mastai-Ferretti], Italian Pope (1846-78) held First Vatican Council, lost control of Papal States, born in Senigallia, Papal States (d. 1878)
- May 18 Margaret Ann Neve, British 1st recorded female Supercentenarian, who lived in three centuries, born in St. Peter Port, Guernsey (d. 1903)
- May 21 Gaspard-Gustave Coriolis, French scientist (Coriolis effect), born in Paris, France (d. 1843)
- Jun 9 Frederic de Merode, Earl of Merode, Belgian revolutionary, born in Maastricht (d. 1830)
- Jun 13 William Austin Burt, American scientist, surveyor and inventor who patented America's first typographer (typewriter) and the equatorial sextant, born in Petersham, Massachusetts (d. 1858)
- Jun 16 Francis Johnson, American keyed Kent bugle virtuoso, violinist, bandleader, and composer, born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (d. 1844) [1]
- Jun 16 John Linnell, English artist (d. 1882)
- Jun 16 Sir Thomas Mitchell, Australian explorer (d. 1855)
- Jun 19 Gustav Schwab, German writer, born in Stuttgart (d. 1850)
- Jul 8 Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen, queen of Bavaria (d. 1854)
- Jul 10 George Mifflin Dallas, American politician (11th Vice President of the United States) and United States Minister to Russia, born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (d. 1864)
- Aug 4 Percy Bysshe Shelley, English romantic poet (Adonais; Prometheus Unbound), born in Horsham, Sussex, England (d. 1822)
- Aug 13 Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen, Queen consort of William IV of the United Kingdom, born in Meiningen, Germany (d. 1849)
John Russell (1792-1878)
Aug 18 1st Earl Russell, British Prime Minister (Whig: 1846-52 and 1865-66), born in Mayfair, Middlesex
- Aug 26 Manuel Oribe, Uruguayan politician and nationalist, 2nd President of Uruguay (1835-38), born in Montevideo, Río de la Plata (d. 1857)
- Sep 5 Alexis-Charles-Maximilien Thibault, French composer, born in Nantes, France (d. 1853)
- Sep 5 Pierre-Armand Dufrénoy, French geologist and mineralogist, born in Sevran, France (d. 1857)
- Sep 8 Joseph Netherclift, English composer (d. 1863)
- Sep 14 Gino Capponi, Italian marquis, literary and Premier of Toscane, born in Florence, Italy (d. 1876)
- Sep 26 William Hobson, first Governor of New Zealand and co-author of the Treaty of Waitangi, born in Waterford, Ireland (d. 1842)
- Sep 27 George Cruikshank, English caricaturist and illustrator (Grimms' Fairy Tales), born in London, England (d. 1878)
- Oct 3 Cipriani Potter, British pianist and composer, born in London (d. 1871)
- Oct 3 Francisco Morazán, 2nd President of The Federal Republic of Central America, born in Tegucigalpa, Guatemala, New Spain (d. 1842)
- Oct 5 Joseph Crosfield, English soap and alkali manufacturer, born in Warrington, England (d. 1844)
- Oct 12 Christian Gmelin, German chemist, born in Tübingen, Germany (d. 1860)
- Oct 13 Moritz Hauptmann, German composer, born in Dresden, Germany (d. 1868)
- Oct 20 Anton Bernhard Furstenau, German composer and flutist, born in Münster (d. 1852)
- Oct 20 Colin Campbell, Lord Clyde, British army officer (Opium Wars, Sepoy-uprising), born in Glasgow, Scotland (d. 1863)
- Nov 11 Mary Anne Disraeli, English wife of Benjamin Disraeli, born in Brampford Speke, Devon, England (d. 1872)
- Nov 13 Edward John Trelawny, English traveler and author (Adv of Younger Son), born in London (d. 1881)
- Nov 28 Victor Cousin, French philosopher and educational reformer, born in Paris (d. 1867)
- Dec 1 Nikolai Lobachevsky, Russian mathematician (Lobachevskian geometry), born in Nizhny Novgorod (d. 1856)
- Dec 6 Abraham Jacob van der Aa, Dutch lexicographer (Biographic Dictionary), born in Amsterdam (d. 1857)
- Dec 6 William II, King of the Netherlands, Grand Duke of Luxembourg, and Duke of Limburg, born in Noordeinde Palace, The Hague, Dutch Republic (d. 1849)
- Dec 12 Alexandros Ypsilanti, Greek resistance fighter, born in Constantinople, Ottoman Empire (d. 1828)
- Dec 19 Andries Hendrik Potgieter, Boer leader (led Voortrekkers group to settle Transvaal), born in Graaff-Reinet district, Cape Colony (d. 1852)
- Dec 20 Nicolas Charlet, French painter, born in Paris, France (d. 1845)
- Dec 29 Sir Archibald Alison, 1st Baronet, Scottish historian (History of Europe), born in Shropshire, England (d. 1867)