- Jan 6 Anselme Payen, French chemist, born in Paris, France (d. 1871)
- Jan 15 Alexandr Griboyedov, Russian playwright, born in Moscow, Russia (d. 1829)
- Jan 15 Willem de Clerq, Dutch merchant & man of letters, born in Amsterdam, Netherlands (d. 1844)
- Jan 18 Anna Pavlovna, Russian consort of William II of the Netherlands, daughter of Tsar Paul I, born in Saint Petersburg, Russia (d. 1865)
- Feb 3 Antonio José de Sucre, South American independence leader (d. 1830)
- Feb 5 Wilhelm Karl Ritter von Haidinger, Austrian mineralogist (d. 1871)
- Feb 8 Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge, German chemist (Chinoline), born in Hamburg, Germany (d. 1867)
- Feb 8 Moritz Gottlieb Saphir, Austrian satirical writer and journalist, born in Lovasbereny, near Budapest (d. 1858)
- Feb 10 Ary Scheffer, Dutch-French Romantic painter, etcher and sculptor, born in Dordrecht, Netherlands (d. 1858)
- Feb 15 Charles Niellon, Belgian general (Liberation of Antwerp during Belgian Revolution), born in Strasbourg, France (d. 1871)
- Feb 18 George Peabody, American merchant and philanthropist (Peabody Trust and Institute), born in South Danvers, Massachusetts (d. 1869)
- Feb 21 Francisco Manuel da Silva, Brazilian composer, born in Rio de Janeiro (d. 1865)
- Mar 12 William Lyon Mackenzie, Canadian-American newspaper publisher, politician, and failed rebel leader, born in Dundee, Scotland (d. 1861)
- Mar 14 Robert Lucas Pearsall, English composer, born in Bristol, England (d. 1856)
- Mar 23 Leopold Jansa, Bohemian violinist, composer, and teacher, born in Wildenschwert, Austria-Hungary (now Ústí nad Orlicí, Czech Republic) (d. 1875)
- Mar 28 Georg Heinrich Pertz, German historian, born in Hanover, Germany (d. 1876)
- Apr 5 Henry Havelock, British soldier (War in Afghanistan 1838-39), born in Bishopwearmouth, County Durham (d. 1857)
- Apr 19 Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg, German naturalist and zoologist (micro-organisms), born in Delitzsch, Germany (d. 1876)
- Apr 21 Vincenzo Pallotti, Italian saint (founder of the Society of the Catholic Apostolate), born in Rome (d. 1850)
- Apr 28 Charles Sturt, English explorer (Australia), born in Bengal, British India (d. 1869)
- May 7 Gerhard Moritz Roentgen, Dutch industrialist (founder of Fijenoord dockyard), born in Esen, East Frisia (d. 1852)
- May 10 Jacques-Nicolas-Augustin Thierry, French historian, born in Blois, France (d. 1856)
- May 13 Gérard Paul Deshayes, French geologist (d. 1875)
- May 13 Joshua Ratoon Sands, American Rear Admiral (Union Navy), born in Brooklyn, New York (d. 1883)
- May 15 Adolf Bernhard Marx [Samuel Moses Marx], German music theorist and pedagogue, born in Halle, Duchy of Magdeburg, Holy Roman Empire (now Germany) (d. 1866)
- May 19 Johns Hopkins, American financier and philanthropist (founded Johns Hopkins Hospital and Johns Hopkins University), born in Gambrills, Maryland (d. 1873)
- May 23 Charles Barry, British architect, born in London (d. 1860)
- Jun 12 John Marston, U.S. Navy officer, born in Boston, Massachusetts (d. 1885)
- Jun 13 Thomas Arnold, English educator and historian (History of Rome), born in West Cowes, Isle of Wight, England (d. 1842)
- Jun 24 Ernst Heinrich Weber, German anatomist and physiologist (one of the founders of experimental psychology), born in Wittenberg, Saxony, Holy Roman Empire (d. 1878)
- Jul 25 James Barry [Margaret Ann Bulkley], female disguised as a man, surgeon general (British army), born in County Cork, Ireland (d. 1865)
- Aug 16 Heinrich August Marschner, German opera composer, born in Zittau, Saxony (d. 1861)
- Aug 22 Abraham Capadose, Dutch physician and missionary, born in Amsterdam (d. 1874)
- Aug 28 Joannes Paredis, Belgian Bishop of Roermond, born in Bree, Belgium (d. 1886)
James Gordon Bennett (1795-1872)
Sep 1 American newspaper publisher (New York Herald), born in Keith, Scotland [1]
- Sep 4 Friedrich August von Alberti, German geologist (Triasic Age), born in Stuttgart, Germany (d. 1878)
- Sep 6 Frances Wright, Scottish writer and lecturer, born in Dundee, Scotland (d. 1852)
- Sep 17 Saverio Mercadante, Italian composer, born in Altamura, Bari, Kingdom of Naples (now Italy) (d. 1870)
- Sep 20 Charles Zeuner, German-American composer and organist, born in Eisleben, Saxony (d. 1857)
- Sep 23 Alexander Twilight, minister and politician, first African American to graduate and to hold public office, born in Corinth Vermont (d. 1857)
- Oct 5 Alexander Keith, Scottish-Canadian politician (4th Mayor of Halifax) and brewer (founder of the Alexander Keith's Nova Scotia Brewery), born in Halkirk, Caithness, Highland, Scotland (d. 1873)
- Oct 15 Frederick William IV, King of Prussia (1840-61) and Germany (1849-61), born in Berlin (d. 1861)
- Oct 16 William Buell Sprague, American clergyman and author (d. 1876)
- Oct 26 Nikolaos Mantzaros, Italian-Greek composer, born in Corfu Island, Greece (d. 1872)
- Oct 28 Leonardus Antonius Lightenvelt, Dutch politician, born in 's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands (d. 1873)
John Keats (1795-1821)
Oct 31 English Romantic poet (Ode to a Grecian Urn), born in London
James Knox Polk (1795-1849)
Nov 2 11th US President (Democrat: 1845-49), born in Pineville, North Carolina
- Nov 9 Walter Geikie, Scottish painter, born in Edinburgh, Scotland (d. 1837)
- Nov 24 Josif Josifovich Genishta, Russian composer (d. 1853)
- Nov 26 Carl Philipp Fohr, German painter and cartoonist, born in Heidelberg, Germany (d. 1818)
- Nov 26 Cornelis Pieter Jacob Elout, Dutch military and President of West Sumatra, born in Haarlem, Netherlands (d. 1843)C
Rowland Hill (1795-1879)
Dec 3 English inventor who introduced 1st adhesive postage stamp (1840), born in Kidderminster, Worcestershire, England
Thomas Carlyle (1795-1881)
Dec 4 Scottish essayist and historian (The French Revolution), born in Ecclefechan, Scotland
- Dec 8 Jacques-François Gallay, French horn player and composer, born in Perpignan, France (d. 1864)
- Dec 8 Peter Andreas Hansen, Danish-German astronomer (Hansen hypothesis), born in Tønder, Schleswig, Denmark (d. 1874)
Leopold von Ranke (1795-1886)
Dec 21 German historian who founded the modern concept of source-based history, born in Wiehe, Saxony, Holy Roman Empire