- Jan 6 Jedediah Smith, American fur trader & explorer, born in Tioga County, New York (d. 1831)
- Jan 7 Daniel Tyler, American Brigadier General (Union Army), born in Brooklyn, Connecticut (d. 1882)
- Jan 22 Ludger Duvernay, Canadian printer and publisher (d. 1852)
- Feb 4 Joao Batista da Silva Leitao de Almeida Garret, Portuguese poet, playwright (Frei Luís de Sousa) and statesman, born in Porto, Portugal (d. 1854)
- Feb 5 John Lindley, English botanist (Elements of Botany), born in Catton, England (d. 1865)
- Feb 11 Basil Moreau, French Founder priest (d. 1873)
- Feb 26 Émile Clapeyron, French engineer and physicist (d. 1864)
- Mar 1 Alexey Verstovsky, Russian composer, born in Kozlovsky Uyezd, Russia (d. 1862)
- Mar 7 František Ladislav Čelakovský, Czech linguist, poet (national anthem, folk song), and Slavist, born in Strakonice, Austrian Empire (now Czech Republic) (d. 1852)
- Mar 8 Simon Cameron, U.S. Senator and Secretary of War (Union), born in Maytown, Pennsylvania (d. 1889)
Anna Atkins (1799-1871)
Mar 16 English botanist, photographer and the 1st person to publish a book illustrated with photographic images, born in Tonbridge, England
- Mar 20 Karl August Nicander, Swedish poet (d. 1839)
- Mar 22 Friedrich Wilhelm Argelander, German astronomer, cataloguer of 324,188 stars, born in Memel, Kingdom of Prussia, (d. 1875)
- Mar 22 Joseph Saxton, American inventor, watchmaker, and photographer (1st daguerrotype in US), born in Huntington, Pennsylvania (d. 1873)
- Mar 28 Karl Adolph von Basedow, German artist (Ziekte van Basedow), born in Dessau, Germany (d. 1854)
Edward Smith-Stanley (1799-1869)
Mar 29 14th Earl of Derby, British Prime Minister (Conservative: 1852, 1858-59, 1866-68), born in Knowsley, England
- Apr 5 Vincenzo Fioravanti, Italian composer, born in Rome (d. 1877)
- Apr 12 Henri Druey, Swiss politician and a founding father of constitutional democracy in Switzerland, born in Faoug, Switzerland (d. 1855)
- Apr 13 Joseph Rastrelli, German composer, born in Dresden, Germany (d. 1842)
- Apr 13 Ludwig Rellstab, German music theorist, born in Berlin (d. 1860)
- Apr 22 Jean Léonard Marie Poiseuille, French physician and physiologist (blood pressure), born in Paris (d. 1869)
- May 11 John Lowell, American philanthropist, born in Massachusetts (d. 1836)
- May 20 Honoré de Balzac, French novelist (La Comédie Humaine), born in Tours, Indre-et-Loire, France (d. 1850)
- May 21 Mary Anning, British fossil collector, dealer, and palaeontologist (Jurassic marine fossil beds of Lyme Regis), born in Lyme Regis, Dorset (d. 1847)
- May 23 Thomas Hood, English poet and composer (The Song of the Shirt), born in London (d. 1845)
- May 27 Fromental Halévy, French composer, born in Paris (d. 1862)
- Jun 6 Alexander Pushkin, Russian writer and poet (Eugene Onegin), born in Moscow, Russian Empire (d. 1837)
- Jun 18 William Lassell, British astronomer who discovered satellites of Uranus and Neptune, born in Bolton, England (d. 1880)
- Jun 23 John Milton Bernhisel, American physician (d. 1881)
- Jun 25 David Douglas, Scottish botanist (Douglas fir), born in Scone, Perthshire, Scotland (d. 1834)
- Jul 4 Oscar I, King of Sweden and Norway (1844-59), born in Paris (d. 1859)
- Jul 26 Isaac Babbitt, American goldsmith who invented babbitt's metal for bearings, born in Taunton, Massachusetts (d. 1862)
- Aug 4 Olof Wilhelm Uddén, Swedish composer, born in Stockholm (d. 1868)
- Aug 11 Joachim Barrande, French paleontologist and geologist (fossils in Bohemia, opposed Darwin's Theory of Evolution), born at Saugues, France (d. 1883)
- Aug 20 Heinrich von Gagern, German liberal politician, born in Bayreuth, Bavaria, Germany (d. 1880)
- Oct 1 Rufus Choate, American lawyer (Hall of Fame), born in Ipswich, Massachusetts (d. 1859)
- Oct 5 Anthony Gerhard Alexander van Rappard, Dutch politician, born in Utrecht, Netherlands (d. 1869)
- Oct 15 August Ferdinand Haeser, German composer, born in Leipzig, Germany (d. 1844)
- Oct 30 Ignace Bourget, French Canadian Bishop of Montreal, born in Lévis, Province of Lower Canada, British Empire (d. 1885)
- Nov 3 William Sprague III, American politician (U.S. Senator from Rhode Island 1842-44)), born in Cranston, Rhode Island (d. 1856)
- Nov 9 Gustavus, Crown Prince of Sweden, born in Stockholm, Sweden (d. 1877)
- Nov 11 Charles Bent, American fur trader and Governor of New Mexico Territory for 100 days (1846-47), born in Charleston, Virginia (now West Virginia) (d. 1847)
- Nov 17 Titian Peale, American artist and naturalist (American Ornithology), born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (d. 1885)
- Nov 19 René Caillé, French explorer and the first European to return alive from the town of Timbuktu, born in Mauzé-sur-le-Mignon, Deux-Sèvres, France (d. 1838)
- Nov 19 René Caillié, French explorer (1st European to return alive from Timbuktu), born in Mauzé-sur-le-Mignon, France (d. 1838)
- Nov 29 Amos Bronson Alcott, American educator and poet (Concord Days), born in Wolcott, Connecticut (d. 1888)
- Dec 12 Karl Briullov, Russian painter, born in St. Petersburg, Russia (d. 1852)
- Dec 31 Thomas Taglichsbeck, German violinist & composer, born in Ansbach, Germany (d. 1867)