- Jan 6 Melchora Aquino, Filipino revolutionary hero, born in Caloocan, Philippines (d. 1919)
- Jan 8 Sigismond Fortune Francois Thalberg, Swiss pianist, born in Geneva, Switzerland (d. 1871)
- Jan 8 William Henry Holmes, English composer, born in Sudbury, England (d. 1885)
- Jan 10 Georg Hermann Nicolai, German architect & educator, born in Torgau, Germany (d. 1881)
- Jan 13 Humphrey Marshall, American politician and Brigadier General in the Confederate Army, born in Frankfort, Kentucky (d. 1872)
- Jan 13 Victor de Laprade, French poet and critic (d. 1883)
- Jan 14 Carl Gradener, German composer, born in Rostock, Germany (d. 1883)
- Jan 15 Peter C Asbjornsen, Norwegian fairy tale writer, born in Oslo, Norway (d. 1885)
- Jan 20 Ralph Pomeroy Buckland, American Brevet Major General (Union Army), born in Leyden, Massachusetts (d. 1892)
- Jan 20 Thomas Meik, Scottish engineer (d. 1896)
- Jan 21 Moses Hess, Jewish socialist and nationalist, born in Bonn, Germany (d. 1875)
- Jan 31 John Randolph Tucker, American naval officer (Confederate Navy), born in Alexandria, Virginia (d. 1883)
Charles Dickens (1812-1870)
Feb 7 English writer ("Oliver Twist"; "A Tale of Two Cities"; "A Christmas Carol"), born in Portsmouth, Hampshire
Alexander H. Stephens (1812-1883)
Feb 11 American Vice President of the Confederate States (1861-65), born in Crawfordville, Georgia
Charles Lewis Tiffany (1812-1902)
Feb 15 American jeweler and founder of Tiffany & Co, born in Killingly, Connecticut
Henry Wilson (1812-1875)
Feb 16 American politician, 18th Vice President (Republican: 1873-75) and Senator (Massachusetts 1855-73), born in Farmington, New Hampshire
- Feb 19 Lauro Rossi, Italian composer (I falsi monetari), born in Macerata (d. 1885)
- Feb 29 Hermann Hirschboch, German composer and music critic, born in Berlin, Prussia (d. 1888)
- Feb 29 Sir James Wilson, Premier of Tasmania (d. 1880, also on 29 February)
- Mar 1 Augustus Pugin, English-born architect (d. 1852)
- Mar 6 Aaron Lufkin Dennison 'Father of American watchmaking', American watch manufacturer and businessman (Tremont Watch Company), born in Freeport, Maine (d. 1895)
- Mar 9 Jakob Eduard Schmolzer, Austrian composer, born in Graz, Austria (d. 1886)
- Mar 10 Victor Tesch, Belgian industrialist and politician, born in Messancy, Belgium (d. 1892)
- Mar 11 James Speed, Atty Gen (Union), (d. 1887)
- Mar 11 William Vincent Wallace, Irish-American violinist (known as the 'Australian Paganini'), and composer (Maritana), born in Waterford, Ireland (d. 1865)
- Mar 16 Henry Dwight Terry, American Brigadier General (Union Army), born in Hartford, Connecticut (d. 1869)
- Mar 20 George Bibb Crittenden, Major General (Confederate Army), (d. 1880)
- Mar 22 Stephen Pearl Andrews, American abolitionist (d. 1886)
- Apr 3 Louisa Maria, Queen of Belgium (1832-50), Wife of Leopold I), born in Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France (d. 1850)
- Apr 6 Aaron Bernstein, German Jewish writer (Young Germany), born in Danzig (d. 1884)
- Apr 6 Alexander Herzen, Russian writer (d. 1870)
- Apr 6 Gavril Yakimovich Lomakin, Russian composer and teacher, born in Borisk-ovka, Russia (d. 1885)
- Apr 9 Randolph Barnes Marcy, American Brevet Major General (Union Army), born in Greenwich, Massachusetts (d. 1887)
- Apr 15 Théodore Rousseau, French painter, born in Paris (d. 1867)
- Apr 22 Solomon Caesar Malan, British orientalist, born in Geneva, Switzerland (d. 1894)
- Apr 23 Louis-Antoine Jullien, French conductor, born in Sisteron, France (d. 1860)
- Apr 26 Alfred Krupp, German arms merchant, born in Essen, Germany (d. 1887)
- Apr 27 Friedrich von Flotow, German composer, born in Teutendorf, Germany (d. 1883)
- Apr 27 William W. Snow, American politician, U.S. House of Representatives from New York (1851-53), born in Heath, Massachusetts (d. 1886)
- Apr 28 Daniel Henry Rucker, American Brevet Major General (Union Army), born in Belleville, New Jersey (d. 1910)
- Apr 30 Kaspar Hauser, German son of grand duke Karel van Bathe (who claimed to have grown up in the total isolation of a darkened cell) (d. 1833)
- May 6 Martin Delany, African-American abolitionist and physician (1st African American major in US Army), born in Charles Town, Virginia (d. 1885)
- May 12 Edward Lear, English landscape painter and poet (Complete Nonsense Book), born in London, England (d. 1888)
- May 12 Louis Ludwig Blenker, German-American Brigadier General (Union Army), born in Worms, Germany (d. 1863)
- May 14 Emilie Mayer, German composer of Romantic music, born in Friedland, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Swedish Pomerania (now Germany) (d. 1883)
- May 17 Joseph Warren Revere, American Brigadier General (Union Army), born in Boston, Massachusetts (d. 1880)
- May 19 Felix Zollicoffer, American journalist and Confederate Brigadier General who was killed in the Battle of Mill Springs, born in Maury County, Tennessee (d. 1862)
- May 20 Gustav Mankell, Moravian-Swedish organist and composer, born in Christiansfeld, Denmark (d. 1880)
- May 23 Henri-François-Alphonse Esquiros, French poet and writer (Les Vierges Folles), born in Paris (d. 1876)
- May 30 John Alexander McClernand, American politician and Major General (Union Army), born in Breckinridge County, Kentucky (d. 1900)
- Jun 3 Pieter Mijer, Dutch Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (1866-72), born in Batavia, Dutch East Indies (d. 1881)
- Jun 7 Theophilus Toulmin Garrard, American Brigadier General (Union Army), born in Clay County, Kentucky (d. 1902)
- Jun 8 Heinrich Wilhelm Ernst, Moravian violinist and composer, born in Brno (d. 1865)
- Jun 8 Spyridon Xyndas, Greek composer, born in Corfu, Greece (d. 1896)
- Jun 9 Hermann von Fehling, German chemist (Fehling's solution), born in Lübeck (d. 1885)
- Jun 9 Johann Gottfried Galle, German astronomer (discovered Neptune), born in Radis, Kingdom of Saxony (d. 1910)
- Jun 12 Edmond Hébert, French geologist, born in Villefargau, Yonne, France (d. 1890)
- Jun 14 Fernando Wood, American politician, New York City mayor (1855-58 and 1860-62), born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (d. 1881)
- Jun 18 Ivan Goncharov, Russian novelist (Oblomov), born in Simbirsk, Russia (d. 1891)
- Jun 21 Félix Danjou, French church organist, arranger, music teacher, organ builder, and political journalist, born in Paris, France (d. 1866)
- Jun 27 John Pike Hullah, English composer, born in Worcester (d. 1884)
- Jun 28 Rudolf von Alt, Austrian painter, born in Vienna, Austria (d. 1905)
- Jul 1 Willem Jan d'Ablaing van Giessenburg, Dutch genealogist and heraldicus, born in Amsterdam, Netherlands (d. 1892)
- Jul 15 Benno Adam, German animal painter, born in Munich (d. 1892)
- Jul 15 James Hope-Scott, English barrister (d. 1873)
- Jul 27 Thomas Lanier Clingman, American Brigadier General (Confederate Army), born in Huntsville, North Carolina (d. 1897)
- Aug 8 John Rodgers II, Commander (Union Navy), (d. 1882)
- Aug 25 Percival Drayton, American captain (Union Navy), born in Charleston, South Carolina (d. 1865)
- Sep 12 Richard Hoe, American inventor and industrialist, born in NYC, New York (d. 1886)
- Sep 16 Robert Fortune, Scottish botanist and plant hunter (established East India tea company in India), born in Kelloe, Scotland (d. 1880)
- Sep 18 Herschel Vespasian Johnson, American politician (41st Governor of Georgia), born in Burke County, Georgia (d. 1880)
- Sep 29 Adolph Göpel, German mathematician (hyperelliptic functions), born in Rostock (d. 1847)
- Oct 20 Austin Flint, American physician and heart research pioneer (Austin heart murmur), born in Petersham, Massachusetts (d. 1886)
- Nov 4 Aleardo [Gaetano] Aleardi, Italian poet (Lettere a Maria), born in Verona, Austrian Empire (d. 1878)
- Nov 9 Paul Abadie, French master builder (renovated Notre Dame), born in Paris (d. 1884)
- Nov 14 Maria Christina of Savoy, queen of the Two Sicilies (d. 1836)
- Nov 18 Jesse J. Finley, American Brigadier General (Confederate Army), born in Lebanon, Tennessee (d. 1904)
- Nov 19 Karl Schwarz, German theologian, born in Wiek, Rügen, Germany (d. 1885)
- Nov 28 Ludwig Mathias Lindeman, Norwegian organist, composer, musical folklorist, born in Trondheim, Norway (d. 1887)
- Dec 4 Elias Smith Dennis, American Brevet Major General (Union Army), born in Newburgh, New York (d. 1894)
- Dec 6 Robert Spear Hudson, English businessman, born in West Bromwich, Staffordshire (d. 1884)
- Dec 14 Charles Canning, English 1st viceroy of British-Indies, born in Brompton, London (d. 1862)
- Dec 15 Isidor Dannström, Swedish composer, born in Stockholm, Sweden (d. 1897)
- Dec 16 William Grose, American Brevet Major General (Union Army), born in Dayton, Ohio (d. 1900)
- Dec 18 Wiktor Kazynski, Polish composer, born in Vilnius (d. 1867)
- Dec 20 Achille Peri, Italian composer and conductor, born in Reggio Emilia, Italy (d. 1880)
- Dec 22 Johanne Luise Heiberg, Danish actress (Romeo & Juliet), born in Copenhagen Denmark (d. 1890)
- Dec 23 Samuel Smiles, Scottish writer and reformer (Self-Help, Character, Duty), born in Berwickshire, Scotland (d. 1904)
- Dec 23 William Hauser, American composer and minister, born in Bethania, North Carolina (d. 1880)
- Dec 24 Henry Russell, English pianist and composer, born in Sheerness, United Kingdom (d. 1900)
- Dec 24 Karl Eduard Zachariae, German jurist, born in Heidelberg, Germany (d. 1894)
- Dec 26 Wilhelm Volkmar, German composer, born in Bad Hersfeld, Germany (d. 1887)
- Dec 28 Julius Reitz, German cellist, composer, teacher, and music editor, born in Berlin (d. 1877)