- Jan 1 Sándor Petőfi, Hungarian poet (A virágnak megtiltani nem lehet - You Cannot Forbid the Flower), and revolutionary, born Kiskőrös, Kingdom of Hungary, Austrian Empire (d. 1849)
- Jan 3 Jaak-Nikolaas Lemmens, Flemish composer, born in Zoerle-Parwijs, Belgium (d. 1881)
- Jan 4 Otto van Rees, Dutch Governor-general of Dutch East Indies (1884-88), born in Culemborg, Netherlands (d. 1892)
- Jan 4 Peter Joseph Osterhaus, German-American diplomat and Major General (Union Army), born in Koblenz, Germany (d. 1917)
- Jan 5 William Rockstro, English musicologist & composer, born in Cheam, Sutton (d. 1895)
Alfred Russel Wallace (1823-1913)
Jan 8 British naturalist, explorer and co-discoverer of the theory of evolution through natural selection, born in Usk, Monmouthshire, Wales