- Sep 8 Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain, American professor and Brevet Major General (Union Army), born in Brewer, Maine (d. 1914)
Leo Tolstoy (1828-1910)
Sep 9 Russian novelist (Anna Karenina, War and Peace), born in Yasnaya Polyana, Russia
- Sep 15 Aleksandr Mikhailovich Butlerov, Russian chemist (discoverer of hexamine (1859)), born in Chistopol, Kazan Governorate, Russian Empire (d. 1886)
- Sep 19 Fridolin Anderwert, Swiss Federal Councilor, born in Frauenfeld, Switzerland (d. 1880)
- Sep 28 Friedrich Albert Lange, German philosopher and socialist (Neo-Kantianism), born in Wald, Solingen, Germany (d. 1875)