- Jan 31 Menno Simons, Dutch priest and vicar whose followers are named the Mennonites, dies at around 65
- Jan 31 Bairam Khan, Great Mughal General, regent for Akbar
- Feb 26 Jorge de Montemayor, Spanish writer
- Mar 4 Carlo Carafa, Italian cardinal, dies at 41
- Mar 25 Conrad Lycosthenes, French-born German philosopher and encyclopedist (b. 1518)
- Oct 21 Johannes Vasaeus, Flemish humanist/historian, dies at about 49
- Oct 27 Lope de Aguirre, Spanish conquistador (b. 1510)