- Feb 6 Emperor Ĺgimachi, 106th Emperor of Japan, dies at 75
- Feb 7 Jacques Amyot, French humanist, translator and Abbot of Bellozanne, dies at 79
- Apr 6 Henry Barrow, English puritian/Congressionalist, hanged
- Apr 6 John Greenwood, English Congressionalist, hanged
- May 29 John Penry, Welsh protestant martyr (Marprelate tracts), executed for sedition at about 30
- May 30 Christopher Marlowe, English dramatist and poet (Tamburlaine the Great), stabbed to death in a pub brawl in Deptford at about 29
- Jun 25 Michele Mercati, Italian physician and gardener (Vatican Botanical Garden), dies at 52
- Jul 11 Giuseppe Arcimboldo, 1st surrealist painter, dies (birth date unkn)