- Jan 13 Yuan Chonghuan, Chinese military commander, executed at 46
- Jan 26 Henry Briggs, English mathematician (b. 1556)
- Feb 12 Fynes Moryson, English traveler and writer (b. 1566)
- Feb 26 William Brade, composer, dies
- Apr 17 Christian I, ruler of Anhalt-Bernburg (battle of White Mt), dies
- Apr 29 Agrippa d'Aubigné, French poet (b. 1552)
- Apr 30 Ercole Porta, Italian composer, dies at 44
- Jul 26 Charles Emanuel I, the Great, Duke of Savoy (Peace of Lyon), dies
- Aug 1 Federico Cesi, Italian naturalist and founder of the first modern scientific society, the Accademia dei Lincei, dies at 45
- Sep 11 John de White, calvinist/banker to Prague, commits suicide
- Sep 17 Thomas Lake, English statesman (b. 1567)
- Sep 18 Melchior Klesl, Austrian cardinal and statesman (b. 1552)
- Sep 20 Claudio Saracini, Italian composer, dies at 44
- Sep 25 Ambrogio Spinola, Spanish marquis of Balbases, dies at about 61
- Sep 30 John Billington, English-born murderer who sailed on the Mayflower, 1st American executed by Plymouth colony, hanged at about 40
- Oct 10 John Heminges, English actor and member of The Kings Men, editor of Shakespeare's First Folio, dies at 63
Johannes Kepler
Nov 15 Johannes Kepler, German astronomer (discovered laws of planetary motion), dies at 58
Johannes Kepler