- Jan 13 Yuan Chonghuan, Chinese military commander, executed at 46
- Jan 26 Henry Briggs, English mathematician (b. 1556)
- Feb 12 Fynes Moryson, English traveler and writer (b. 1566)
- Feb 26 William Brade, English composer and violinist (1st Englishman to write a canzona), dies at 70
- Apr 17 Christian I, German Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg who led an army of 21,000 Bohemians at the Battle of White Mountain, dies at 61
- Apr 29 Agrippa d'Aubigné, French poet (b. 1552)
- Apr 30 Ercole Porta, Italian composer, dies at 44
- Jul 26 Charles Emanuel I, the Great, Italian Duke of Savoy (Peace of Lyon), dies at 68
- Aug 1 Federico Cesi, Italian naturalist and founder of the first modern scientific society, the Accademia dei Lincei, dies at 45
- Sep 11 John de White, calvinist/banker to Prague, commits suicide
- Sep 17 Thomas Lake, English statesman (b. 1567)
- Sep 18 Melchior Klesl, Austrian cardinal and statesman (b. 1552)
- Sep 20 Claudio Saracini, Italian composer, dies at 44
- Sep 25 Ambrogio Spinola, Spanish marquis of Balbases, dies at about 61
- Sep 30 John Billington, English-born murderer who sailed on the Mayflower, 1st American executed by Plymouth colony, hanged at about 40
- Oct 10 John Heminges, English actor and member of The Kings Men, editor of Shakespeare's First Folio, dies at 63
Johannes Kepler (1571-1630)
Nov 15 German astronomer (discovered laws of planetary motion), dies at 58
