- Jan 14 Thomas Coventry, 1st Baron Coventry, English lawyer and judge (b. 1578)
- Jan 22 Erasmus Quellinus I, Flemish wood carver, dies at about 55
- Jan 25 Robert Burton, British writer and Anglican clergyman (The Anatomy of Melancholy), dies at 62
- Feb 4 Hendrick C Vroom, Dutch seascape painter, dies
- Feb 8 Murad IV, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1623-40) who conquered Baghdad, dies from cirrhosis in Istanbul at 27
- Mar 8 Guillaume van Messaus, composer, dies at 50
- Mar 17 Philip Massinger, English dramatist, dies (b. 1583)
- Apr 2 Matthias C Sarbiewski [Sarbievius], Polish jesuit/poet, dies at 45
- Apr 10 Agostino Agazzari, Italian composer, dies at 61
- Apr 10 Charlotte Flandrina van Nassau, daughter of Willem I, dies at 60
- May 30 Andre Duchesne, French historian/genealogy, dies
- May 30 Peter Paul Rubens, Flemish Baroque painter, dies at 62
- Jun 3 Theophilus Howard, 2nd Earl of Suffolk, English politician, dies at 55
- Jul 12 Henry Casimir I, count of Nassau-Dietz, dies
- Oct 1 Claudio Achillini, Italian lawyer and poet, dies at 66
- Oct 20 John Ball, English Puritan clergyman and author (A Short Catechisme, containing all the Principal Grounds of Religion), dies at about 55
- Oct 26 Pietro Tacca, Italian sculptor and architect (Aanbidding of the Point), dies at 63
- Nov 25 Giles Farnaby, composer, dies
- Dec 6 Matthijs Elsevier, Flemish/Dutch book publisher/merchant, dies at 75
- Dec 9 Pierre Fourier, Roman Catholic saint and French priest (b.1565)
- Dec 30 John Francis Regis, French saint (b. 1597)