Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)
Jan 8 Italian astronomer, physicist and engineer who has been called the father of science, dies at 77
- Feb 7 William Bedell, English clergyman (b. 1571)
- Apr 30 Dmitry Pozharsky, Russian prince (known for his military leadership during the Polish–Muscovite War 1611-12), dies at 63
- May 6 Frans Francken the Younger, Flemish painter, dies on 61st birthday
- Jul 3 Maria de' Medici, French queen-mother, dies at about 69
- Jul 18 Willem earl of Nassau-Siegen, gov of Ft Emmerik/Heusden, dies
- Aug 18 Guido Reni, Italian Baroque painter, dies at 66
- Sep 3 Elisabeth of Nassau, Daughter of Willem I & Charlotte of Bourbon, dies at 65
- Sep 12 Henri Coiffier de Ruzé, marquis de Cinq Mars, French nobleman, beheaded for treason in plot again Cardinal de Richelieu (b. 1620)
- Sep 29 René Goupil, French Catholic missionary, one of Canadian Martyrs (b. 1608)
- Nov 1 Jean Nicolet, French explorer (b. 1598)
- Nov 7 Henry Montagu, 1st Earl of Manchester, English politician
- Dec 4 Armand-Jean Duplessis Richelieu, bishop of Lucon, dies at about 57