- Jan 7 Innocent X [Giambattista Pamfili], Catholic Pope (1644-55), dies at 80
- Feb 25 Daniel Heinsius, Flemish scholar (b. 1580)
- Mar 29 Valerius Andreas, Flemish historian, dies at 66
- Apr 6 David Blondel, French Protestant clergyman (b. 1591)
- Apr 14 Johann Erasmus Kindermann, German composer, dies at 39
- Apr 30 Eustache Le Sueur, French painter (paintings of religious subjects), dies at 37
- Jun 30 Jacob Boonen, South Netherlands clergyman and lawyer, dies at 81
- Jul 15 Girolamo Rainaldi, Italian architect (b. 1570)
- Jul 28 Cyrano de Bergerac, French dramatist/novelist, dies at 36 in Paris
- Jul 28 Suzuki Shosan, Samurai/monk/propagator of Zen Buddhism, dies at 76
- Jul 30 Sigmund Theophil Staden, German composer, dies at 47
- Aug 2 Alfonso de la Cueva, Spanish marquis of Bedmar and diplomat, dies at 83
- Aug 10 Louis de Vadder, Flemish painter, dies at 50
- Sep 3 Johan Wolfert van Brederode, Dutch governor (Hertogenbosch) and field marshal, dies at 56
- Sep 7 Tristan l'Hermite, French dramatist/poet, dies (birth date unknown)
- Oct 16 Joseph Solomon Delmedigo, Italian physician, mathematician, and music theorist (b. 1591)
- Oct 24 Pierre Gassendi, French philosopher, dies at 63