- Jan 3 Mathieu Molé, French statesman (b. 1584)
- Feb 27 Johan van Heemskerk, Dutch lawyer/writer/interpreter, dies
- Mar 21 Armagh James Ussher, Irish Archbishop of Armagh (claimed world began Sunday 23 Oct 4004 BC), dies at 76
- Apr 24 Thomas Fincke, Danish mathematician and physicist (b. 1561)
- Apr 27 Gerard van Honthorst, Dutch painter, dies at 65
- Apr 27 Jan van Goyen, Dutch landscape painter, dies at 60
- Jun 9 Thomas Tomkins, Welsh-born virginalist composer, dies at 83 or 84
- Jul 2 François-Marie, comte de Broglie, Italian-born French commander, dies at 44
- Jul 7 Michelangelo Rossi, Italian Baroque organist, violinist, and opera composer, dies at about 55
- Jul 8 Alexander van der Capellen, Dutch statesman, mister of Aartsbergen, dies at about 64
- Jul 27 Salomo Glassius, German theologian (b. 1593)
- Aug 11 Prince Ottavio Piccolomini, Italian nobleman, Duke of Amalfi, and field marshal of the Holy Roman Empire, dies at 56
- Sep 8 Joseph Hall, English bishop and writer (Virgidemiarum: Six Books), dies at 82
- Oct 2 Stephan Otto, German composer, dies at 53
Myles Standish (c. 1584-1656)
Oct 3 Plymouth Colony leader, dies of strangury - caused by kidney stones or bladder cancer -at 72
