- Feb 2 Govert Flinck, Dutch painter (Isaac blesses Jacob), dies at 45
- Feb 2 Gaston, Duke of Orleans, brother of French King Louis XIII, dies at 51
- Feb 13 Charles X Gustav, King of Sweden (1654-60), dies at 37
- Feb 15 Klaas Geritsz Compaen, Dutch buccaneer/merchant, dies at 72
- Feb 18 Judith Leyster, Dutch painter, buried at 50
- Apr 25 Henry Hammond, English churchman, dies at 54
- Apr 26 Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate, German princess & consort of Brandenburg as the wife of George William, dies at 62
- Apr 30 Peter Scriverius, Dutch lawyer/historian, dies at 84
- May 29 Gyorgy Rákóczi II, prince of Transylvania, dies in battle
- May 29 Peter Scriverius, Dutch historian and writer, dies at 44
- May 29 Frans van Schooten, Dutch mathematician (b. 1615)
- Jun 1 Mary Dyer, English Quaker (martyred) - hanged for defying a law banning Quakers from the Massachusetts Bay Colony
- Jun 30 William Oughtred, English mathematician (b. 1575)
- Aug 6 Diego Velázquez, Spanish painter (Las Meninas), dies at 61
- Aug 12 Gilbertus van Zinnik, Flemish architect, dies at about 33
- Sep 8 Daniel von Czepko, German poet, dies at 54
- Sep 12 Jacob Cats [Father Cats], Dutch grand pensionary and poet (Houwelyck), dies at 82
- Sep 27 Vincent de Paul, French Roman Catholic Saint, dies at 79
- Oct 7 Paul Scarron, French writer (Virgile Travesti), dies at 50
- Oct 14 Francesco Albana, Italian painter (Hemelopneming of Maria), dies at 72
- Oct 14 Thomas Harrison, English Puritan soldier (b. 1606)
- Oct 17 Adrian Scrope, English regicide (b. 1601)
- Nov 5 Lucy Hay, Countess of Carlisle, English socialite (b. 1599)
- Nov 5 Alexandre de Rhodes, French Jesuit missionary (b. 1591)
- Dec 1 Pierre d'Hozier, French genealogist, dies at 68
- Dec 3 Jacques Sarazin, French sculptor/painter, dies at about 70
- Dec 22 André Tacquet, Flemish mathematician (b. 1612)
- Dec 24 Mary [Maria Henrietta], English Princess Royal, Princess of Orange, wife of Willem II, dies of smallpox at 29 [NS]