- Jan 1 Pieter Claesz, Dutch still-life painter, dies at ~63
- Jan 17 Andres Malong, Philippines rebel leader, executed
- Jan 19 Thomas Venner, Fifth Monarchist (executed) (b. 1799)
- Feb 2 Lucas Holstenius, German humanist (b. 1596)
- Feb 5 Shunzhi Emperor of China (1644-1661) Third Qing Emperor, dies of smallpox at 22
- Mar 1 Richard Zouch, English jurist (b. 1590)
- Mar 8 Jules Mazarin, Italian cardinal/premier of France, dies at 58
- Mar 9 Jules "Cardinal" Mazarin, chief minister of France, dies at 58
- Mar 22 Hendrick Uylenburgh, art dealer, buried at about 73
- Mar 24 William Leddra becomes the last Quaker to be hanged in Boston, for the crime of returning from banishment
- Apr 4 Alexander Leslie, 1st Earl of Leven, Scottish soldier (b. circa 1580)
- Apr 6 John Webster, colonial Governor of Connecticut (Fundamental Orders of Connecticut), dies at about 71
- Apr 7 William Brereton, 1st Baronet, English soldier and politician, dies at 56
- May 27 Archibald Campbell, Scottish politician, beheaded at about 53
- Jun 3 Gottfried Scheidt, German composer and organist, dies at 67
- Jun 8 John Elsevier, book publisher/publisher, dies at 39
- Jun 26 Lazaro Valvasensi, Italian organist and composer, dies at 76
- Aug 6 Jacqueline-Marie-Angélique Arnauld, French abbess (Port-Royal de Paris), dies at about 70
- Aug 7 Jin Shengtan, Chinese editor, writer and critic (b. 1608)
- Aug 16 Thomas Fuller, British scholar, preacher and historian (History of the Worthies of Britain), dies of typhus fever at 53
- Aug 26 Louis Couperin, composer, dies
- Sep 12 Jacobus de la Torra, RC apostole vicar of Holland, dies at about 53
- Oct 4 Jacqueline Pascal, French child prodigy, dies at 36
- Oct 6 Guru Har Rai, seventh Sikh Guru
- Oct 26 Johann B Schup, [Schuppius], German poet/historian/vicar, dies
- Oct 28 Agustín Moreto y Cavana, Spanish playwright (b. 1518)
- Oct 30 Alexander Adriaenssen, Flemish painter known for his still lifes of fish and game pieces, dies at 74
- Oct 31 Mehmed Koprulu, Albanian great vizier of Turkey, dies
- Nov 29 Brian Walton, English clergyman and scholar (b. 1600)
- Dec 29 Antoine Gérard de Saint-Amant, French poet (b. 1594)