- Jan 13 Simon van Leeuwen, Dutch lawyer/historian, dies at 55
- Feb 23 Abraham de Wicquefort, Dutch diplomat and historian, dies at 75
- Feb 25 Alessandro Stradella, Italian violinist and composer, murdered at 38
- Mar 14 Jacob I van Ruysdael, physician/landscape painter, dies at about 53
- Apr 1 Franz Egon of Fürstenberg, Bavarian Catholic archbishop (b. 1625)
- Apr 3 Bartolomé Esteban Murillo, Spanish Baroque painter (The Vision of St. Anthony), dies at about 64
- Apr 14 Avvakum, Russian Orthodox archpriest and writer, dies at 60
- Apr 27 Theodorus III, Tsar of Russia (1676-82), dies at 21
- May 7 Tsar Feodor III of Russia (1676-82), dies at 20
- Jul 12 Jean Picard, French astronomer, dies at 61
- Jul 17 Johann Heinrich Kittel, German composer, dies at 29
- Sep 8 Juan Caramuel y Lobkowitz, Spanish writer, dies at 76
- Oct 15 John Ferrabosco, composer, dies at 56
- Oct 19 Thomas Browne, English philosopher and writer (Garden of Cyrus), dies at 77
- Nov 23 Claude Lorrain, French painter (b. 1604)
- Nov 29 Prince Rupert of the Rhine, German soldier, Commander in the English Civil War and first Governor of the Hudson's Bay Company, dies at 62