- Jan 13 Simon van Leeuwen, Dutch lawyer/historian, dies at 55
- Feb 23 Abraham de Wicquefort, Dutch diplomat/historian, dies at 75
- Feb 25 Alessandro Stradella, Italian violist/composer, murdered at 37
- Mar 14 Jacob I van Ruysdael, physician/landscape painter, dies at about 53
- Apr 1 Franz Egon of Fürstenberg, Bavarian Catholic archbishop (b. 1625)
- Apr 3 Bartolomé Esteban Murillo, Spanish painter, dies
- Apr 14 Avvakum, Russian priest and writer (b. 1621)
- Apr 27 Theodorus III, Tsar of Russia (1676-82), dies
- May 7 Tsar Feodor III of Russia (b. 1661)
- Jul 12 Jean Picard, French astronomer, dies at 61
- Jul 17 Johann Heinrich Kittel, composer, dies at 29
- Sep 8 Juan Caramuel y Lobkowitz, Spanish writer, dies at 76
- Oct 15 John Ferrabosco, composer, dies at 56
- Oct 19 Thomas Browne, English writer (b. 1605)
- Nov 23 Claude Lorrain, French painter (b. 1604)
- Nov 29 Rupert, prince of Palts/adm/chemist/engraver/mathematician, dies at 62
- Nov 29 Prince Rupert of the Rhine, Royalist commander in the English Civil War (b. 1619)