- Jan 1 Daniel Finch, 2nd Earl of Nottingham, English Tory statesman, dies at 82
- Jan 1 Samuel Sewall, English-American judge & businessman, dies at 77
- Jan 7 Árni Magnússon, Icelandic scholar and collector of manuscripts (Arnamagnæan Manuscript Collection), dies at 66
- Jan 30 Peter II Alexeyevich, Tsar of Russia (1727-30), dies at 14
- Feb 21 Benedict XIII [Pietro F Orsini], Pope (1724-30), dies at 81
- Mar 20 Adrienne Lecouvreur, French actress (Comédie-Française) inspiration for 1849 drama "Adrienne Lecouvreur", dies at 37
- Apr 21 Jan Palfijn, Flemish physician/inventor (forceps), dies at 79
- May 30 Arabella Churchill, mistress of James II of England, sister of John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough (b. 1648)
- Jun 6 Alain Emmanuel de Coëtlogon, Marshal of France, dies at 83
- Jul 16 Elijiah Fenton, poet, dies
- Jul 18 François de Neufville, duc de Villeroi, French soldier (b. 1644)
- Jul 19 Jean-Baptiste Loeillet, Flemish composer, dies at 49
- Aug 10 Sebastien de Brossard, French composer and music theorist, dies at 74
- Aug 17 Mauritius Vogt, German composer, dies at 61
- Aug 31 Gottfried Finger, Czech composer (b. 1660?)
- Sep 27 Laurence Eusden, English poet, Poet Laureate (1718-30), dies at 42
- Oct 12 Frederik IV, King of Denmark and Norway (1699-1730), dies at 59
- Oct 15 Antoine Laumet de La Mothe Cadillac, French explorer in New France, founder of Detroit and Governor of Louisiana, dies at 71
- Oct 23 Anne Oldfield, English actress (The Maiden Queen), dies from cervical cancer at 47
- Nov 6 Hans Hermann von Katte, Prussian lieutenant, beheaded
- Nov 21 François de Troy, French portrait artist