- Feb 13 Johann Joseph Fux, Austrian composer/music theorist, dies at about 80
- Mar 17 Jean-Baptiste Rousseau, French poet (b. 1671)
- Mar 31 Pieter Burman the Elder, Dutch classical scholar, dies at 72
- Apr 28 Magnus Julius De la Gardie, Swedish general & statesman, dies at 73
- May 25 Daniel Ernst Jablonski, German Protestant theologian, dies at 80
- Jun 22 Joseph-Hector Fiocco, Belgian composer, dies at 38
- Jul 3 Elisabeth Therese of Lorraine, Queen consort of Sardinia (1737-41), dies at 29
Antonio Vivaldi (1678-1741)
Jul 28 Italian Baroque composer (The Four Seasons), dies at 63
- Jul 30 Wierich PL count von DauWirich Philipp von Daun, Austrian nobleman and field marshal, Viceroy of Naples, Governor of the Habsburg Netherlands, dies at 71
- Aug 4 Andrew Hamilton, American lawyer
- Aug 31 Johann Gottlieb Heineccius, German jurist, dies at 59
- Nov 20 Melchior de Polignac, French diplomat, Cardinal and poet, dies at 80
- Nov 24 Queen Ulrika Eleonora of Sweden (b. 1688)
- Dec 14 Charles Rollin, French historian, dies at 80
- Dec 19 Vitus Bering, Danish navigator and explorer (explored Bering Strait and Alaska coast), dies after being shipwrecked at 60