- Feb 1 William Wildman Shute Barrington, British statesman (b. 1717)
- Feb 2 William Aiton, English botanist (Kew Gardens), dies at 61
- Feb 6 Carlo Goldoni, Italian author (L'avaro), dies at 85
- Mar 2 Carl Gustaf Pilo, Swedish-born artist
- Mar 4 Isaac Ouwater, Amsterdam painter/cartoonist, dies at 44
- Mar 20 William Murray, 1st Earl of Mansfield, Scottish judge and politician (b. 1705)
- Mar 21 Johann Michael Schmidt, composer, dies at 51
- Mar 26 John Mudge, English physician (b. 1721)
- Apr 9 Ernestus Weinrauch, composer, dies at 62
- Apr 13 Pierre Gaspard Chaumette, French revolutionary (b. 1763)
- Apr 15 Ignacije Szentmartony, Croatian Jesuit missionary and geographer (b. 1718)
- Apr 21 John Michell, English seismologist (b. 1724)
- Apr 29 Yechezkel Landau, Polish rabbi and Talmudist, dies at 79
- Apr 29 John Michell, English scientist (b. 1724)
- Apr 30 Lorenzo Fago, Italian composer and teacher, dies at 88
- May 7 Johan A Zoutman, Dutch lt admiral (battle of Doggersbank), dies at 68
- May 7 Pietro Nardini, Italian composer, dies at 71
- May 13 Martin Gerbert, German composer, music historian and abbot, dies at 72
- May 20 Charles Bonnet, Swiss naturalist and writer, dies at 73
- Jun 4 Jan Ekels de Young, Dutch painter, dies at 34
- Jun 16 Louis A count d'Affry, general/French ambassador in Netherland, dies
- Jun 26 Gilbert White, English naturalist (Natural History and Antiquities of Selborn), dies at 72
Jean-Paul Marat
Jul 13 Jean-Paul Marat, French journalist and revolutionary (Friend of the People periodical), is murdered by Charlotte Corday in a bath at 50
Jean-Paul Marat
Roger Sherman
Jul 23 Roger Sherman, American lawyer and Founding Father of the United States (Declaration of Independence), dies of typhoid fever at 72
Roger Sherman
John Hancock
Oct 8 John Hancock, American merchant and statesman who was 1st to sign the Declaration of Independence, dies at 56
John Hancock
- Oct 9 Jean Joseph Marie Amiot, French missionary (b. 1718)
Marie Antoinette
Oct 16 Marie Antoinette, Queen of France (1774-92) who allegedly uttered the phrase "let them eat cake", beheaded at 37
Marie Antoinette
Olympe de Gouges
Nov 3 Olympe de Gouges [Marie Gouze], French playwright and revolutionary (Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen), executed by guillotine at 45
Olympe de Gouges
- Nov 8 Madame Roland [Marie-Jeanne Phlippon], French revolutionary (member of the Girondist faction), executed by guillotine at 39
- Nov 24 Clément Charles François de Laverdy, French statesman (b. 1723)
- Dec 6 Marie Jeanne Becu comtesse du Barry, mistress of Louis XV, beheaded
- Dec 7 Joseph Bara, French revolutionary (b. 1780)
- Dec 9 Gabrielle de Polastron, comtesse de Polignac, French aristocrat (b. 1749)
- Dec 13 Johann Joachim Christoph Bode, composer, dies at 63
- Dec 20 Joseph Legros, French singer and composer who was the most prominent haute-contres of his generation, dies at 54
- Dec 23 Johann Adolph Hasse, German composer (b. 1699)
- Dec 23 Antoine François Prévost, French author and novelist (b. 1697)
- Dec 28 Louis earl of Bylandt, Dutch admiral, dies at about 75