- Jan 8 Edward Pakenham, Engl general (Battle of New Orleans), dies in battle
- Jan 15 Emma, Lady Hamilton, English mistress of Lord Nelson, dies of liver failure at 49
- Jan 21 M Claudius, writer, dies at 74
- Jan 21 Matthias Claudius, German poet, dies at 74
- Jan 31 José Félix Ribas, Venezuelan independentist leader (b. 1775)
- Feb 4 Geert Reinders, Dutch cattle breeder and inoculation proponent, dies at 77
- Feb 4 Jacob van Strij, Dutch cartoonist and graphic artist, dies at 58
- Feb 17 Franz Gotz, Bohemian composer, dies at 59
- Feb 19 Leonhard von Call, Austrian composer, dies at 47
Robert Fulton
Feb 24 Robert Fulton, American inventor and engineer (first commercial steamboat), dies of tuberculosis at 49
- Feb 26 Prince Josias of Coburg, Austrian general (b. 1737)
- Mar 5 Franz Anton Mesmer, Austrian physician and hypnotist (Mesmerism), dies at 80
- Mar 6 Lungtok Gyatso, 9th Dalai Lama, dies at 9
- Apr 21 Joseph Winston, U.S. Congressman from North Carolina (b. 1746)
- May 21 Roman Hoffstetter, German classical composer, dies at 73
- May 29 Cornelis de Gijselaar, Dutch politician and patriot during the Dutch Republic, dies at 64
- Jun 1 Louis Alexandre Berthier, French marshal (b. 1853)
- Jun 16 Frederik Willem, Duke of Brunswick (1813-15), dies in battle at 43
- Jun 17 Hammida, Algerian admiral, dies in battle
- Jun 18 Thomas Picton, British general (killed in battle) (b. 1758)
- Jun 18 Guillaume Philibert Duhesme, French general (b. 1766)
- Jul 6 Samuel Whitbread, English politician, dies at 51
- Aug 2 Guillaume Brune, French marshal, dies at 52
- Aug 6 James A. Bayard (elder), United States Senator from Delaware (b. 1767)
- Aug 18 Chauncey Goodrich, American politician (b. 1759)
- Sep 9 John Singleton Copley, American painter of portraits and historical objects, dies at 77
- Sep 12 José Maurício, Portuguese organist, and sacred music and modinha (love song) composer, dies at 63
- Sep 24 John Sevier, American soldier, Governor of Tennessee (1796-1801, 1803-09), dies at 70
- Sep 28 Nicolas Desmarest, French geologist and geographer (Volcanos), dies at 90
- Oct 13 Joachim Murat, French soldier, Marshal of France and King of Naples (1808-15), executed by firing squad at 48
- Oct 31 Daniel Belknap, American composer, dies at 44
- Nov 15 Johann Lukas Schubaur, composer, dies at 65
- Nov 25 Johann Peter Saloman, German composer and violinist, dies at 70
- Nov 28 Johann Peter Salomon, composer, dies at 70
- Dec 3 John Carroll, first Roman Catholic archbishop in the US, also known as the founder of Georgetown University, dies at 80
- Dec 7 Michel Ney, French marshal (Waterloo), murdered at 46
- Dec 19 Michel Woldemar, French violinist and composer, dies at 65
- Dec 19 Robert Hudson, British tenor, organist, and composer, dies at 83
- Dec 20 Giovanni Meli, Sicilian poet (Buccolica), dies at 75
- Dec 22 Jose Maria Morelos, Mexican revolutionary priest executed by Spaniards
- Dec 29 Saartjie Baartman, Hottentot Venus, dies in Paris