- Jan 5 Alfred Thomas Agate, American artist, dies at 33
- Jan 10 Étienne Pivert de Senancour, French writer (De l'Amour), dies at 75
- Jan 30 Joseph Carpue, English surgeon who pioneered early plastic surgery in England, dies at 81
- Feb 3 Joseph Weigl, German-Austrian composer (La Principessa d’Amalfi; Emmeline), and conductor, dies at 79
- Feb 9 Henry Gally Knight, architect/writer, dies
- Feb 14 Cornelis Felix van Maanen, Dutch Minister of Justice (1807-42), dies at 76
- Feb 18 Giovanni Liverati, Italian composer, dies at 73
- Feb 21 Emperor Ninko, 120th Emperor of Japan (1817-46), dies at 45
- Feb 22 Carolus Antonius Fodor [Carel Anton Fodor], Dutch pianist, conductor and prominent composer, dies at 77
- Mar 6 Nikoli Poveloi, Russian writer and publisher, dies at 49 [NS]
- Mar 17 Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel, German astronomer (Bessel Functions), dies at 61
- Apr 4 Solomon Sibley, American senator from Michigan Territory (b. 1769)
- Apr 16 Domenico Dragonetti, Italian composer and double bass player, dies at 83
- May 8 Giacomo Cordella, Italian composer, dies at 59
- May 23 Franciszek Ksawery Drucki-Lubecki, Polish politician (b. 1778)
- May 31 Philip Marheineke, German clergyman (b. 1780)
- Jun 1 Gregory XVI [Bartolomeo Alberto Mauro Cappellari], Pope (1831-1846), dies at 80
- Jun 20 Pieter Adams, architect of Rotterdam, dies at about 67
- Jun 22 Benjamin Haydon, British painter (Waiting for The Times), commits suicide at 60
- Jun 24 Jan Frans Willems, Flemish writer and philologist, dies at 53
- Jun 28 Adriaan van den Ende, Dutch vicar and educationalist, dies at 77
- Jul 24 Joseph Leopold Eybler, Austrian composer/choir master, dies at 81
- Jul 24 Louis Napoléon Bonaparte, French King of the Netherlands (1806-10), dies at 67
- Aug 1 Peter Ritter, German cellist and composer, dies at 83
- Aug 7 Johann Christian Heinrich Rinck, German composer, dies at 76
- Aug 25 Giuseppe Acerbi, Italian traveller and naturalist, dies at 73
- Aug 27 Franciszek Ścigalski, Polish composer, dies at 64
- Aug 27 Gottfied Wilhelm Fink, German composer, dies at 63
- Sep 17 Francesco Giuseppe Pollini, Italian composer and singer, dies at 84
- Sep 23 John Ainsworth Horrocks, English-born explorer of South Australia (b. 1818)
- Sep 26 Thomas Clarkson, English abolitionist (Negro Emancipation), dies at 86
- Oct 2 Benjamin Waterhouse, American physician co-founder of Harvard Medical School, and smallpox vaccine pioneer, dies at 92
- Oct 29 Jean Louis van Aelbroeck, Flemish agronomist, dies at 90
- Nov 6 Alexander Chavchavadze, Georgian poet and general
- Nov 6 Karol Marcinkowski, Polish physician and activist (b. 1800)
- Dec 23 Jean Baptiste Bory de Saint-Vincent, French naturalist (b. 1780)