- Jan 1 Raphael G. Kiesewetter, Austria musicologist (Arab Music), dies at 76
- Jan 14 Anthony van Hoboken, Dutch merchant and ship owner, dies at 93
- Jan 20 Adam Oehlenschläger, Danish poet (b. 1779)
- Jan 22 Vincenzo Pallotti, Italian saint (founder of the Society of the Catholic Apostolate), dies at 54
- Jan 26 Francis Jeffrey, Baron Jeffrey, judge/literary critic, dies
- Jan 27 Johann Gottfried Schadow, German sculptor (Brandenburg Gate chariot), dies at 85
- Jan 27 Philipp Roth, composer, dies at 70
- Feb 1 Edward Baker Lincoln, son of U.S. President Abraham Lincoln, dies at 3
- Feb 25 Daoguang, 7th Emperor of Qing Dynasty, dies at 67
- Mar 3 Oliver Cowdery, American religious leader (Later Day Saint apostle), dies at 43
- Mar 19 Adalbert Gyrowetz [Vojtěch Jírovec], Bohemian composer (Robert oder die Prüfung), dies at 87 [1]
- Mar 21 Miguel Pedrorena, American settler
- Mar 26 Samuel Turell Armstrong, American politician and acting Governor of Massachusetts (1833- 36), dies at 65
- Mar 27 Wilhelm Beer, German banker and amateur astronomer (1st full map of the Moon), dies at 53
- Mar 28 Gerard C. Brandon, American politician (b. 1788)
John C. Calhoun (1782-1850)
Mar 31 US Vice President (1825-32), dies of tuberculosis at 68
Madame Tussaud (1761-1850)
Apr 16 French founder of Madame Tussaud's wax museum, dies at 88
- Apr 24 Louis Alexandre Piccinni, Italian-French composer, dies at 70
- May 9 Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac, French physicist & chemist, dies at 71
- May 24 Jane Porter, novelist (Scottish Chiefs), dies at 74
- Jun 4 Maurice, Prince of the Netherlands, second son of King William III, dies from meningitis at 6
- Jun 12 Jean Victor de Constant Rebecque, Swiss-Dutch army leader, dies at 77
- Jun 16 William Lawson British-Australian surveyor who explored New South Wales (first route across Blue Mountains), dies at 76
- Jun 18 Antoni Weinert, Polish flutist and composer, dies at 99
Robert Peel (1788-1850)
Jul 2 British Prime Minister (Tory/Conservative/Peelite: 1834-35; 1841-46), founder of the British Conservative Party and the modern police force (Bobbies), dies after falling from a horse at 62
- Jul 4 William Kirby, English entomologist and original member of the Linnean Society and a Fellow of the Royal Society, dies at 90
- Jul 8 Prince Adolphus, British fieldmarshall1st Duke of Cambridge, 7th son of George III (b. 1774)
- Jul 9 Bab [Shirazi, Sayyid Ali Muhammad], Persian founder of Babism, executed by firing squad on orders of the Persian government at 30
Zachary Taylor (1784-1850)
Jul 9 12th US President (1849-50) and major general in the Mexican–American War, dies in the White House of an unknown digestive ailment at 65 after reportedly consuming copious amounts of raw fruit and iced milk
- Jul 12 Robert Stevenson, Scottish civil engineer (Bell Rock Lighthouse, Scotland), dies at 78
- Jul 14 August Neander, German theologian (b. 1789)
- Jul 19 Giovanni Ossoli, Italian marquis and revolutionary, dies in a shipwreck
- Jul 19 Margaret Fuller (Ossoli), American feminist, activist and journalist (Women in the Nineteenth Century), dies in a shipwreck at 40
- Jul 28 Stefano Pavesi, Italian opera composer (Ser Marcantonio), dies at 71
- Aug 4 Frantisek Tucek, Czech composer, and music teacher, dies at 68
- Aug 6 Edward Walsh, Irish poet (b. 1805)
José de San Martín (1778-1850)
Aug 17 South American revolutionary hero and general, dies at 72
- Aug 18 Honoré de Balzac, French novelist (La Comédie Humaine), dies at 51
- Aug 22 Nikolaus Lenau, Hungarian-German poet (Faust, Die Albigenser), dies at 48
- Aug 26 Louis-Philippe, Duke of Chartres, the last King of France (1830-48), dies in exile in England at 76
- Sep 23 José Gervasio Artigas, Uruguayan revolutionary leader and national hero who is regarded as the father of Uruguayan independence, dies at 86
- Oct 2 Sarah Biffin [Beffin], English limbless miniature painter, dies at 65 or 66
- Oct 11 Louise of Orléans, Queen of Belgium (1832-50), Wife of Leopold I, dies of TB at 38
- Nov 4 Gustav Schwab, German writer, dies at 58
- Nov 5 Ferdinand Karl Joseph, Archduke of Austria-Este, dies at 69
- Nov 19 Richard Mentor Johnson, American politician (b. 1780)
- Dec 8 Georg Sverdrup, Norwegian statesman, dies at 80
- Dec 10 François Sulpice Beudant, French mineralogist and geologist, dies at 63