- Jan 4 Antoine Labelle, Quebec catholic priest (b. 1833)
- Jan 4 Charles Keene, English artist and illustrator (worked in black and white), dies at 67
- Jan 4 Joe Hunter, English cricket wicket-keeper (5 Tests, 11 dismissals; Yorkshire CCC), dies at 35
- Jan 5 Emma Abbott, American soprano, dies at 40
- Jan 5 Guillaume Louis Baud, Dutch politician (Minister of Colonies 1848-49), dies at 89
- Jan 7 (Carl Gottfried) Wilhelm Taubert, German pianist, conductor, and composer, dies at 79
- Jan 8 Fredrik Pacius, German-Finnish composer (Finnish and Estonian national anthems), conductor, and music educator, known as "the Father of Finnish music", dies at 81
- Jan 10 Laza Lazarević, Serbian writer (Prvi put s ocem na jutrenje) and psychiatrist, dies at 39
- Jan 11 Georges-Eugene, Baron Haussmann, French administrator and architect, dies at 81
- Jan 16 Clement Léo Delibes, French romantic composer (Coppélia, Sylvia, Le roi l'a dit, Lakmé), dies at 54
George Bancroft (1800-1891)
Jan 17 American historian (History of the United States), dies at 90
- Jan 17 Johannes Verhulst, Dutch composer and conductor, dies at 74
- Jan 20 David Kalākaua, King of the Hawaiian Islands (1874-91), dies at 54
- Jan 21 Calixa Lavallee, Canadian composer (O Canada), dies at 48
- Jan 23 Prince Baudouin of Belgium, Count of Flanders, dies at 21
- Jan 26 Nikolaus Otto, German auto pioneer (internal combustion engine), dies. (b. 1833)
- Jan 31 Ernest Meissonier, French painter, etcher and sculptor (Depictions of Napoleon), dies at 75
- Feb 9 Johan Jongkind, Dutch-French painter and printer (Marine Scenes), dies at 71
- Feb 10 Sofia Kovalevskaya, Russian mathematician (b. 1850)
- Feb 13 David Dixon Porter, United States Navy admiral, dies at 77
- Feb 14 Giulio Roberti, Italian composer, dies at 61
- Feb 15 Claudius W. Sears, American Brigadier General (Confederate Army), dies at 74
- Feb 22 Charles Brockden Brown 'Father of American novel', American pioneering writer and editor (Wieland), dies of tuberculosis at 39
- Feb 26 Ted Barratt, English cricket spin bowler (10-43 in tour match vs Australia 1878; MCC, Surrey CCC), dies from consumption at 46
- Feb 28 George Hearst, American businessman and politician (U.S. Senator from California), dies at 70
- Mar 15 Joseph Bazalgette, English civil engineer (b. 1819)
- Mar 15 Théodore de Banville, French writer, dies at 67
- Mar 17 Napoléon JKP Bonaparte, French prince and member of National Convention, dies at 68
Joseph E. Johnston (1807-1891)
Mar 21 American military officer (senior officer in Confederate Army and United States Army), dies at 84
Georges Seurat (1859-1891)
Mar 29 French post-impressionist painter (Pointillism), dies at 31
- Apr 3 Joseph Kervyn de Lettenhove, Belgian politician and literary figure, dies at 73
P. T. Barnum (1810-1891)
Apr 7 American circus promoter and showman (Barnum & Bailey), dies at 80
- Apr 15 Stephen Albert Emery, American pianist, composer, and pedagogue (Elements of Harmony), dies at 49
- Apr 17 Guildo Alary, Italian-born French composer, dies at 77
- Apr 24 Helmuth von Moltke the Elder, Prussian general and fieldmarshal, dies at 90
- Apr 25 Nathaniel Woodard, English educationalist (b. 1811)
- Apr 29 Armistead Lindsay Long, American Brigadier General (Confederate Army), dies at 65
- May 4 Sherlock Holmes, "dies" at Reichenbach Falls
- May 6 Thomas Hare, English barrister and political reformer, dies at 85
- May 8 Helena Blavatsky, Russian occultist, philosopher, and author (co-founded Theosophical Society), dies at 59
- May 10 Karl Wilhelm von Nägeli, Swiss botanist (famous for his work on plant cells), dies at 74
- May 11 Edmond Becquerel, French physicist who studied the solar spectrum, magnetism, electricity and optics (photovoltaic effect), dies at 71
- May 16 Ion Brătianu, Romanian statesman (Premier of Romania 1876-88), dies at 69
- May 23 Ignace Leybach, French pianist and composer, dies at 73
- May 26 Frederick Bowen Jewson, Scottish composer, dies at 67
- May 28 Winfield Scott Featherston "Old Swet", American politician and Army Brigadier General (Confederate), dies at 70
- May 31 Antoine-Aimé Dorion, Canadian politician and jurist (joint premier of Canada 1858, 1863-64), dies at 73
John A. Macdonald (1815-1891)
Jun 6 Canadian politician and businessman (1st Prime Minister of Canada 1867-73, 1878-91), dies of a stroke at 76
- Jun 14 Nicolò Gabrielli, Italian opera composer, dies at 77
- Jun 23 Francis Henry Brown, American teacher and composer (popular pre civil war composer), dies at 73
- Jun 23 George Parr, English cricket batsman (captain first England touring team [North America 1859], second tour [Australia & NZ 1864]), dies at 65
- Jun 23 Wilhelm Eduard Weber, German physicist, dies at 86
- Jun 24 Ann Mounsey, English organist and composer, dies at 80
- Jun 28 Jose Inzenga y Castellanos, composer, dies at 63
- Jul 3 Stefano Golinelli, Italian composer, dies at 72
- Jul 4 Frédérick Louis Ritter, French composer, add eductator (Vassar, 1867-91), dies at 67
- Jul 4 Hannibal Hamlin, American attorney and 15th Vice President of U.S. (1861-65), dies at 81
- Jul 21 Franco Faccio, Italian composer and conductor, dies at 51
- Jul 29 Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, father of Bengali prose (Exile of Sita), dies at 70
- Jul 31 Jean-Baptist Capronnier, French-Belgian glass painter, dies at 77
- Aug 2 George Washington Williams, American historian (History of the Negro Race in America), dies from tuberculosis and pleurisy at 41
- Aug 5 Henry Litolff, French composer and pianist, dies at 73
- Aug 12 James Russell Lowell, American poet, critic and diplomat (Biglow Papers), dies at 72
- Aug 14 Johnny Mullagh, Australian cricket all-rounder (Aboriginal tour of England 1868), dies at 50
- Aug 14 Sarah Childress Polk, Wife of the 11th President of the United States, James K. Polk (1845-1849), dies at 87
- Aug 22 Jan Neruda, Czech author (b. 1834)
- Aug 29 Pierre Lallement, inventor of the bicycle (b. 1843 or 1844)
- Sep 2 Ferdinand Christian Wilhelm Praeger, Dutch-British pianist, composer, composer, and writer (Wagner As I Knew Him), dies at 76
- Sep 7 Lorenzo Sawyer, 9th Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of California, dies at 71
- Sep 9 Jules Grévy, 2nd President of the French Third Republic, dies at 84
- Sep 11 Antero Tarquínio de Quental, Portuguese poet (Beatrice), dies at 49
- Sep 11 Théodule-Augustin Ribot, French realist painter (Breton Fishermen and Their Families), dies at 68
- Sep 18 William Ferrel, American mathematician (b. 1817)
- Sep 27 Ivan Goncharov, Russian novelist (Oblomov), dies at 79
- Sep 30 Georges Boulanger, French general and politician, dies at 54
- Oct 3 Edouard Lucas, French mathematician (Lucas sequences), dies at 49
- Oct 6 Charles Stewart Parnell, English-Irish Home Rule Party leader, dies at 45
- Oct 9 Johannes Tideman, theologist, dies at 83
- Oct 11 Charles Stewart Parnells remains buried in Ireland
- Oct 15 Gilbert Arthur à Beckett, English writer (Punch), dies at 54
- Oct 15 William Henry Fitzhugh Lee, American Major General (Confederate Army), dies at 54
- Oct 16 Sarah Winnemucca, indian scout, dies
- Oct 21 Alpheus Baker, American Brigadier General (Confederate Army), dies at 63
- Oct 22 Ernst von Fleischl-Marxow, Austrian physiologist (b. 1846)
- Nov 3 Louis Lucien Bonaparte, British-French philologist, politician and nephew of Napoleon, dies at 78
Arthur Rimbaud (1854-1891)
Nov 10 French poet and adventurer (The Drunken Boat, Illuminations), dies of a bone cancer at 37
- Nov 24 Robert Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Earl of Lytton, English statesman and Viceroy of India (1876-1880), dies at 60
- Dec 5 Pedro II van Alcantara, Emperor of Brazil (1831-89), dies at 66
- Dec 6 Émile Bayard, French artist and illustrator, dies at 54
- Dec 11 Johan C. J. van Schagen, Dutch poet and writer (Narrenwijsheid), dies
- Dec 17 Msiri, ruler of the Garanganze Kingdom, Congo (Katanga), dies in battle against Belgian funded expedition
- Dec 17 Omer Bodson, Belgian captain, dies in battle against Msiri, ruler of Garanganze Kingdom in the Congo
- Dec 23 Holger Simon Paulli, Danish conductor and composer, dies at 81
- Dec 28 Alfred Cellier, British conductor (Glibert and Sullivan) and composer (Dorothy), dies at 47
- Dec 29 Leopold Kronecker, German mathematician (Tensor of Kronecker), dies at 68