Grenville M. Dodge (1831-1916)
Jan 3 American railroad engineer (Transcontinental Railroad-Union Pacific) and Major General (Union Army), dies at 84
- Jan 8 Ada Rehan, Irish-American stage actress and comedian (Daly's Fifth Avenue Theatre), dies from arteriosclerosis and cancer at 58
- Jan 8 Rembrandt Bugatti, Italian sculptor (b. 1884)
- Jan 14 Otto Ammon, German anthropologist and sociologist (schedelmetingen), dies at 73
- Jan 15 Modest Tchaikovsky, Russian writer (b. 1850)
- Jan 16 Arnold Aletrino, Dut physician-criminologist (From Death), dies at 57
- Jan 22 Iwan Knorr, German composer, dies at 63
- Feb 1 Anton Simon, Russian composer, dies at 65
- Feb 6 Isla van Diest, Belgian physician, 1st female doctor and 1st female university graduate in Belgium, dies at 73
- Feb 6 Rubén Darío, Nicaraguan writer (b. 1867)
- Feb 8 Gustav Falke, German author and poet (Der Mann im Nebel), dies at 63
- Feb 9 Hynek Vojáček, Czech composer, dies at 90
- Feb 9 Jack Barrett, cricketer (2 Tests for Australia 1890), dies
- Feb 12 Richard Dedekind, German mathematician (Nature & Meaning of Numbers), dies at 84
- Feb 14 Petko Todorov, Bulgarian writer (Zmejova), dies at 36
- Feb 15 Nikolay Lodizhensky, Russian diplomat and composer, dies at 73
- Feb 16 Jeltje de Bosch Kemper, Dutch feminist, dies at 79
- Feb 16 [Gerard] Jan Ligthart, Dutch educator (Ot & Sien), dies at 57
- Feb 19 Ernst Mach, Austrian physicist (shock waves, Mach number), philosopher and psychologist, dies at 78
- Feb 20 Klas Arnoldson, Swedish politician and pacifist (Nobel Peace 1908), dies at 71
- Feb 23 George Martin, English composer and organist, dies at 71
- Feb 28 Henry James, American-British writer (Bostonians), dies at 72
- Feb 29 Edward H J Keurvels, Flemish conductor/composer (Parisina), dies at 62
- Mar 2 Elisabeth OL [Carmen Sylva], Queen of Romania, dies at 72
- Mar 4 Franz Marc, German Expressionist painter (co-founder of journal Blaue Reiter), dies in battle at 36
- Mar 9 Kenneth Hutchings, English cricketer (exciting England batsman, WWI), dies fighting at the Battle of the Somme at 33
- Mar 12 Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach, Austrian writer (The Child of the Parish), dies at 39
- Mar 19 Vasily Surikov, Russian painter (b. 1848)
- Mar 20 Ota Benga, Congolese pygmy (b. 1884)
- Mar 21 Victor de Stuers, Dutch art expert, dies at 72
- Mar 24 Enrique Granados, Spanish concert pianist, and composer (Goyescas), drowns crossing the English Channel when his ferry is sunk by a German torpedo attack at 48
Susan Blow (1843-1916)
Mar 27 American educator who pioneered kindergarten education and was known as the "Mother of the Kindergarten", dies at 72
- Apr 1 Gabrielle Petit, Belgian resistance fighter, executed
- Apr 9 Vicente Goicoechea Errasti, Basque composer, dies at 62
- Apr 11 Richard Harding Davis, American journalist and author (Soldiers of Fortune, The King's Jackal), dies of a heart attack at 52
- Apr 15 Alfred Cogniaux, Belgian botanist, dies at 75
- Apr 16 Tom Horan, Australian cricket all-rounder (15 Tests, 1 x 100, 11 wickets; Victoria CA), dies a 62
- Apr 19 Ephraim Shay, American inventor of Shay type of geared steam locomotive, dies at 76
- Apr 29 Jørgen Pedersen Gram, Danish mathematician (Gram-Schmidt process), dies at 65
- May 4 Joseph Mary Plunkett, Irish revolutionary (b. 1887)
- May 6 Dirk Bos, Dutch Liberal 2nd Member of Parliament, dies at 53
- May 6 Earl Ross Drake, American composer, dies at 50
- May 11 Karl Schwarzschild, German astronomer (Schwarzschild effect), dies on the Eastern front at 42, mere months after working out a solution to Einstein's Theory of Relativity
- May 11 Max Reger, German composer, pianist and professor (Leipzig Univ), dies at 43
- May 12 James Connolly, Irish socialist (founder of the Irish Socialist Republican Party), dies at 47
- May 13 Sholem Aleichem [Solomon Rabinowitz], Yiddish author and playwright (Fiddler on the Roof, Tevye the Dairyman), dies of tuberculosis at 57
- May 17 Boris Borisovich Galitzine, Russian physicist (b. 1862)
- May 17 Gervais Salvayre, French composer (Calypso; La Résurrection), and music critic dies at 68
- May 25 Jack Marsh, Australian cricketer (Aboriginal bowler played for NSW 1900-03), dies in a pub brawl at 41 or 42
- May 27 Joseph Gallieni, French general (Battle of Marne) and military governor of Paris, dies at 67
- May 28 Ivan Franko, Ukrainian writer and political activist, dies at 59
John Singleton Mosby (1833-1916)
May 30 Confederate Army cavalry battalion commander in the American Civil War, dies at 82
- May 31 British Rear Admiral Horace Hood, dies in Battle of Jutland on board HMS Invincible, at 45
Horatio Kitchener (1850-1916)
Jun 5 British General who commanded British forces during the Battle of Omdurman (Sudan) and the Second Boer War who became British Secretary of State for War during WWI (1914-16), drowns at 65 after the HMS Hampshire struck a German mine
- Jun 5 Mildred J. Hill, American composer and musician ("Good Morning To All" which later became "Happy Birthday To You"), dies at 56
Yuan Shikai (1859-1916)
Jun 6 Chinese general and President of the Republic of China (1916), dies of uremia at 56
- Jun 7 Émile Faguet, French writer and critic (b. 1847)
- Jun 14 João Simões Lopes Neto, Brazilian writer (b. 1865)
- Jun 18 Helmuth von Moltke, German chief general of staff, dies at 67
- Jun 18 Max Immelmann, German pilot (1st flying ace of WWI), shot down over Northern France at 25
- Jun 24 Victor Chapman, French-American pilot renowned during WW1 (1st American pilot to die in WW1), succumbs to wounds at age 26
Thomas Eakins (1844-1916)
Jun 25 American artist (The Gross Clinic), dies at 71
Hetty Green (1834-1916)
Jul 3 American businesswoman and financier whose wealth and miserliness saw her known as the "Witch of Wall Street", dies of a stroke at 81
- Jul 4 Alan Seeger, American war poet (b. 1888)
- Jul 6 Odilon Redon [Bertrand-Jean Redon], French symbolist painter (b. 1840)
- Jul 11 Rik Wouters, Belgian painter (Lady in Blue), and sculptor (The Nymph), dies of cancer at 33
- Jul 15 Ilya Mechnikov, Russian zoologist and bacteriologist known as the "father of natural immunity" (Nobel 1908), dies of heart failure at 71
- Jul 16 Victor Horsley, English physician and neuroscientist, dies while serving in Iraq in WWI at 59
- Jul 18 Benjamin C. Truman, American journalist and author
- Jul 22 James Whitcomb Riley, American author and poet (b. 1849)
- Jul 23 William Ramsay, Scottish chemist who discovered noble gases (Nobel 1904), dies at 63
- Jul 26 Gellio Benevenuto Coronaro, Italian pianist and composer, dies at 52
- Jul 26 Sally Louisa Tompkins, American nurse and philanthrophist, only commissioned woman in US Confederate Army, dies at 82
- Jul 27 Charles Fryatt, British capt of SS Brussels, executed by Germans, dies
- Jul 30 Albert Neisser, German physician who discovered the bacteria that cause gonorrhea and leprosy, dies of septicemia at 61
- Aug 1 Claude Newberry, South African cricket All-rounder (v England 1913-14), dies
- Aug 2 Hamish MacCunn, Scottish composer (The Land of the Mountain and the Flood), and teacher, dies at 48
- Aug 3 Roger Casement, Irish diplomat, ardent Irish nationalist (Easter uprising 1916) and poet, hanged after conviction for treason by the British at 51
- Aug 5 George Butterworth, English composer, dies at 31
- Aug 5 Nikolay Ivanovich Kazanli, Russian composer, dies at 46
- Aug 7 Charles E Manning, Australian judge/major, dies in battle at 36
- Aug 9 Lily Braun, German feminist and socialist writer (Im Schatten Titanen), dies at 51
- Aug 13 Fritz Steinbach, German conductor and composer, dies at 61
- Aug 18 Edward D Pain, English journalist (NY World), dies in battle at 36
- Aug 28 Francis Warre-Cornish, English writer and scholar, dies at 77
- Aug 29 Johann Oskar Backlund, Swedish-Russian astronomer (planets/asteroids), dies at 64
- Sep 4 José Echegaray, Spanish politician and dramatist (Nobel Prize for Literature 1904), dies at 84
- Sep 10 Friedrich Gernsheim, German composer, dies at 77
- Sep 14 Josiah Royce, American philosopher (Conception of Immortality), dies at 60
- Sep 14 Pierre Duhem, French naturalist, philosopher and historian, dies at 55
- Sep 15 Isidore Legouix, French composer, dies at 82
- Sep 16 Basil W. Duke, American Brigadier General (Confederate Army), dies at 78
- Sep 25 Julius Fučík, Czech composer, dies at 44
- Sep 27 Emile A G Verhaeren, Belgian writer (Les Heures du Soir), dies at 61
- Oct 2 Benjamin Kidel, English sociologist (Social Evolution), dies at 58
- Oct 16 Klaas/old stick Kater, christian worker's union leader, dies at 73
- Oct 21 Karl von Stürgkh, Austrian nobleman and politician (Prime Minister, 1911-16), assassinated at 56
- Oct 26 Klaas Kater, Dutch Christian Worker's Union Leader, dies at 83
- Oct 28 Cleveland Abbe, American meteorologist (Father of Weather Bureau), dies at 77
- Oct 28 Oswald Boelcke, German pilot (b. 1891)
- Oct 30 Silas Gamaliel Pratt, American composer (The Tragedy of the Deep), dies at 70
Charles Taze Russell (1852-1916)
Oct 31 American religious leader (founder of the Bible School Movement that led to Jehovah's Witnesses), dies at 64
Percival Lowell (1855-1916)
Nov 12 American astronomer (predicted discovery of Pluto) and founder of Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, Arizona, dies of a stroke at 61
- Nov 13 Frederik Septimus Kelly, Australian-British composer and rower (Summer Olympic gold 1908), dies at 35
- Nov 14 Henry George, Jr., American politician (b. 1862)
- Nov 14 Saki, British writer (b. 1870)
- Nov 15 Henryk Sienkiewicz, Polish author (Quo Vadis, Nobel 1905), dies at 70
- Nov 15 Luis Muñoz Rivera, Puerto Rican journalist (founded Federalist Party), dies at 57
Franz Joseph I (1830-1916)
Nov 21 Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary, Croatia and Bohemia (1848-1916), dies of pneumonia at 86 after catching a cold taking a walk
- Nov 22 Jack London, American activist and author (Call of the Wild), dies at 40
- Nov 23 Eduard Napravnik, Czech conductor and composer, dies at 77
- Nov 23 Leonard Moon, English cricket batsman (4 Tests, Cambridge University CC, Middlesex CCC), dies in WWI action at 38
- Nov 24 Hiram Maxim, American-British inventor (Maxim gun, 1st automatic machine gun), dies at 76
- Nov 24 John Francis Barnett, British composer, dies at 79
Inez Milholland (1886-1916)
Nov 25 American suffragist (National Woman's Party), labor lawyer and socialist, dies at 30 after suffering from pernicious anemia
- Nov 27 James Cutler Dunn Parker, composer, dies at 88
- Nov 28 Marthinus Theunis Steyn, South African politician and President of Orange-Free state (1896-1902), dies at 59
- Dec 1 Charles Eugène, vicomte de Foucauld, French explorer (Morocco) and ascetic, killed in the Sahara during an uprising at 58
- Dec 2 Paolo Tosti, Italian composer, dies at 69
- Dec 5 Hans Richter, Austrian-Hungarian composer, dies at 73
- Dec 5 Princess Augusta of Cambridge, Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz and granddaughter of George III, dies at 94
- Dec 9 Natsume Sōseki, Japanese novelist (b. 1867)
- Dec 9 P Paul Leroy-Beaulieu, French economist (Economist France), dies at 73
- Dec 16 Friedrich Ernst Dorn, German physicist who discovered that radon is emitted from radium, dies at 68
- Dec 20 Manuel Giro, Spanish composer, dies at 68
- Dec 20 William Wallace Gilchrist, American composer, dies at 70
- Dec 25 Albert Chmielowski, Polish Catholic Saint, dies at 71
- Dec 26 Bernhard Scholz, composer, dies at 81
- Dec 26 Frank Penn, cricketer (one Test for England v Australia 1880), dies
- Dec 26 Willie Smith, Scottish golfer (US Open 1899), dies of pneumonia at 40
- Dec 27 Nicolai Soloviev, Russian music critic and composer, dies at 70
- Dec 28 Eduard Strauss, Austrian composer (318 dances), dies at 81
Grigori Rasputin (1869-1916)
Dec 30 Russian monk and confidant of Russian Tsar Nicholas II, assassinated by conservative Russian aristocrats at 47
- Dec 31 Alice Ball, African American chemist (developed treatment for leprosy), dies at 24
- Dec 31 Ernst Rudorff, composer, dies at 76