Venezuela Declares Independence
Jul 5 Venezuelan Declaration of Independence: 7 provinces declare themselves independent of Spain
Historic Publication
Jul 11 Italian scientist Amedeo Avogadro publishes his memoir on the molecular content of gases
- Jul 27 Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, Spanish Catholic priest, and leader Mexican independence, defrocked and excommunicated by the church
- Jul 30 Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, leader of the Mexican insurgency, is executed after being found guilty of treason by the Spanish military in Chihuahua, Mexico