- 1527 Abraham Ortelius, Flemish cartographer and dealer in maps, books, and antiquities (Theatrum orbis terrarum), born in Antwerp, Belgium (d. 1598)
- 1572 Adam Tanner, Austrian mathematician and philosopher, born in Innsbruck, Austria (d. 1632)
- 1578 Philip III, King of Spain & Portugal (1598-1621), born in Madrid, Spain (d. 1621)
- 1592 Abraham Elsevier, Dutch book publisher, born in Leiden, Netherlands (d. 1652)
- 1629 Christiaan Huygens, Dutch mathematician, astronomer (discovered Saturn's rings) and scientist (dynamics), born in The Hague, Netherlands (d. 1695)
- 1668 Magnus Julius De la Gardie, Swedish General and statesman, born in Stockholm, Sweden (d. 1741)
- 1714 Adam Gib, Scottish religious leader, born in Muckhart, Perthshire (d. 1788)
- 1721 William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland, English army leader, born in London (d. 1765)
William Cavendish-Bentinck
1738 William Cavendish-Bentinck, British 3rd Duke of Portland, Whig Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1783, 1807-09), born in Nottinghamshire, (d. 1809)
William Cavendish-Bentinck
- 1741 Emperor Momozono, 116th Emperor of Japan, born in Kyoto, Japan (d. 1762)
- 1762 Giuseppe Valadier, Italian architect and archaeologist, born in Rome, Italy (d. 1839)
- 1788 David G. Burnet, interim president of the Republic of Texas, born in Newark, New Jersey (d. 1870)
- 1797 Adolphe Thiers, 1st president of 3rd French Republic (1871-77), born in Bouc-Bel-Air, France (d. 1877)
- 1803 Friedrich von Amerling, Austrian painter, born in Vienna, Austria (d. 1887)
- 1809 George Willem Vreede, Dutch lawyer and politician, born in Tilburg, Netherlands (d. 1880)
- 1813 Junius Spencer Morgan, American merchant and philanthropist (Metro Museum of Art), born in Holyoke, Massachusetts (d. 1890)
- 1818 Marie of Saxe-Altenburg, Queen of Hanover, born in Hildburghausen, Saxe-Hildburghausen (d. 1907)
- 1820 Harry T. Hays, American Brigadier General (Confederate Army), born in Wilson County, Tennessee (d. 1876)
- 1827 Augustus Pitt Rivers, English archaeologist, born in Bramham cum Oglethorpe, Wetherby, Yorkshire (d. 1900)
- 1831 Gerhard Rohlfs, German explorer and ambassador in Abyssinia, born in Vegesack, Bremen, Germany (d. 1896)
- 1832 James Hewett Ledlie, American civil engineer and Brigadier General (Union Army), born in Utica, New York (d. 1882)
- 1857 Victor Horsley, English physician and neuroscientist, born in London (d. 1916)
- 1862 Pyotr Stolypin, 3rd Prime Minister of Russia (1906-11), born in Dresden, Kingdom of Saxony, German Confederation (d. 1911)
- 1866 Anne Sullivan [Johanna Macy], American teacher who educated Helen Keller, born in Feeding Hills, Massachusetts (d. 1936)
- 1868 Peter Behrens, German architect, born in Hamburg, North German Confederation (d. 1940)
- 1870 Victor Borisov-Musatov, Russian painter, born in Saratov, Russia (d. 1905)
- 1872 Abdullah Yusuf Ali, British-Indian Islamic scholar and translator (translated Qu'ran into English), born in Bombay, British India (d. 1953)
- 1874 Alexander Cambridge, 1st Earl of Athlone, Governor-General of the Union of South Africa and Canada, born in Kensington Palace, London (d. 1957)
- 1876 Cecil Chubb, English barrister, gifted Stonehenge to the British nation, born in Shrewton (d. 1934)
- 1877 Daniel Plooy, Dutch new testament scholar, born in Schiedam, Netherlands (d. 1935)
- 1879 James Branch Cabell, American novelist and essayist (Restless Heads), born in Richmond, Virginia (d. 1958)
- 1882 Moritz Schlick, Austrian philosopher, born in Berlin, Germany (d. 1936)
- 1886 Edward C. Tolman, American psychologist (behaviorism), born in West Newton, Massachusetts (d. 1959)
- 1886 Ernst Robert Curtius, German literature historian, born in Thann, Haut-Rhin (d. 1956)
Arnold J. Toynbee
1889 Arnold J. Toynbee, English historian (A Study of History), born in London (d. 1975)
Arnold J. Toynbee
B.R. Ambedkar
1891 B.R. Ambedkar [Baba Saheb], Indian politician, jurist (architect of the Constitution of India) and social reformer who inspired the Dalit Buddhist Movement, born in Mhow, India (d. 1956)
B.R. Ambedkar
- 1892 V. Gordon Childe, British archaeologist and prehistorian, born in Sydney, Australia (d. 1957)
- 1897 Barbara Wootton, Baroness Wootton of Abinger, British sociologist and criminologist, born in Cambridge, England (d. 1988)
- 1901 Martin Kessel, German writer, born in Plauen (d. 1990)
- 1902 Menachem Mendel Schneerson, Russian-American rabbi (head of Lubavitcher Jews), born in Nikolaev, Kherson Governorate, Russian Empire (d. 1994)
- 1904 Reinout Willem van Bemmelen, Dutch geologist, born in Batavia, Dutch East Indies (d. 1983)
- 1904 Sonia Gaskell, Russian-Dutch choreographer (Diaghilev), born in Vilkaviškis, Lithuania (d. 1974)
- 1905 Elizabeth Huckaby, American educator, born in Hamburg, Arkansas (d. 1999)
Faisal of Saudi Arabia
1906 Faisal, King of Saudi Arabia (1964-75), born in Riyadh, Emirate of Nejd and Hasa (d. 1975)
François Duvalier
1907 François Duvalier "Papa Doc", Dictator and President of Haiti (1957-71), born in Port-au-Prince, Haiti (d. 1971)
François Duvalier
- 1907 Otto Frans Antoine Hubert van Nispen, Dutch mayor (Pannerden), born in Pannerden, Netherlands (d. 1992)
- 1912 Robert Doisneau, French photographer (The Kiss), born in Gentilly, Val-de-Marne, France (d. 1994)
- 1921 Thomas Schelling, American economist, (Nobel Prize 2005 - game-theory analysis), born in Oakland, California (d. 2016)
- 1921 Rosanell Eaton, American voting rights advocate, born near Louisburg, North Carolina (d. 2018)
- 1925 Abel Muzorewa, Prime Minister of Zimbabwe Rhodesia (1979-80), born in Umtali, Manicaland, Southern Rhodesia (d. 2010)
- 1926 Frank Daniel, Czech-born writer, director and teacher (d. 1996)
- 1926 Barbara Anderson, New Zealand author, born in Hastings, New Zealand (d. 2013)
- 1929 William Edgar Thornton, American medical doctor, USAF officer, and NASA astronaut (STS-8; STS-51-B), born in Faison, North Carolina (d. 2021)
- 1930 George Gekas, American politician (Rep-R-PA, 1983-2003), born in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
- 1932 Bill Bennett, Canadian politician, Premier of British Columbia (1975-86), born in Kelowna, British Columbia (d. 2015)
- 1934 Fredric Jameson, American philosopher, cultural theorist
- 1935 Erich von Däniken, Swiss writer (Chariots of the Gods), born in Zofingen, Aargau
- 1936 Frank Serpico, American policeman who blew whistle on NYPD corruption, born in Brooklyn, New York
- 1938 Gloria Randle Scott, American educator/President of Beaumont College, born in Houston, Texas
- 1942 Valentin Vitaliyevich Lebedev, cosmonaut (Soyuz 13, 35, T-5)
- 1943 Clarice Elaine Gaylord, director of research grants (EPA)
- 1943 Yvonne Vriens-Auerbach, Dutch politician (CDA)
- 1945 Tuilaepa Aiono Sailele Malielegaoi, 8th Prime Minister of Samoa, born in Lepa, Samoa
- 1946 Tom Monteleone, American writer (Dark Star & Illumination)
- 1948 Chester G. Atkins, American politician (Rep-D-Mass 1985-93)
- 1948 Anastasios Papaligouras, Greek lawyer and politician
- 1949 DeAnne Julius, American/English economist
- 1950 Francis Collins, American scientist who led the Human Genome Project, born in Staunton, Virgibia
- 1951 Gregory "Greg" Winter, British biochemist (Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2018) known for the therapeutic use of antibodies, born in Leicester, England
- 1953 David Buss, American Evolutionary psychologist
- 1954 Bruce Sterling, American sci-fi author (Involution Ocean, Schismatrix)
- 1963 Thomas W. Libous, American politician (Senate-R-New York 1989-2015) brought down by scandal, born in Johnson City, New York (d. 2016)
- 1966 André Boisclair, Quebec politician (Parti Québécois)
- 1971 Peter Gibson, American writer, born in Greenwich, Connecticut
- 1979 Randal McCloy, Survivor of the Sago Mine Disaster
- 1983 William Obeng, American football offensive lineman, born in Accra, Ghana