- 1336 Emperor Go-Kōgon of Japan (d. 1374)
- 1527 Abraham Ortelius, Flemish cartographer and dealer in maps, books, and antiquities (Theatrum orbis terrarum), born in Antwerp, Belgium (d. 1598)
- 1572 Adam Tanner, Austrian mathematician (d. 1632)
- 1578 Philip III, King of Spain & Portugal (1598-1621)
- 1592 Abraham Elsevier, book publisher/publisher
- 1629 Christian Huygens, Holland, astronomer (discovered Saturn's rings)
- 1629 Christiaan Huygens, Dutch mathematician, astronomer and scientist (science of dynamics), born in The Hague, Netherlands (d. 1695)
- 1668 Magnus Julius De la Gardie, Swedish General (d. 1741)
- 1714 Adam Gib, Scottish religious leader (d. 1788)
- 1721 William August duke of Cumberland, English army leader
William Cavendish-Bentinck
1738 William Cavendish-Bentinck, British 3rd Duke of Portland, Whig Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1783, 1807-09), born in Nottinghamshire, (d. 1809)
William Cavendish-Bentinck
- 1741 Emperor Momozono of Japan (d. 1762)
- 1762 Giuseppe Valadier, Italian architect/archaeologist
- 1788 David G. Burnet, interim president of the Republic of Texas (d. 1870)
- 1797 Adolphe Thiers, 1st president of 3rd French Republic (1871-77)
- 1803 Friedrich von Amerling, Austrian painter
- 1809 George W Vreede, Dutch lawyer/politician
- 1813 Junius S Morgan, American merchant/philanthropist (Metro Museum of Art)
- 1818 Marie of Saxe-Altenburg, queen of Hanover (d. 1909)
- 1820 Harry Thompson Hays, Brigadier General (Confederate Army), (d. 1876)
- 1827 Augustus Pitt Rivers, English archaeologist (d. 1900)
- 1831 Gerhard Rohlfs, German explorer/ambassador in Abyssinia
- 1832 James Hewett Ledlie, American civil engineer and Brigadier General (Union Army), born in Utica, New York (d. 1882)
- 1857 Victor Horsley, English physician and neuroscientist, born in London (d. 1916)
- 1861 Bion Joseph Arnold, electrical engineer/inventor
- 1862 Pyotr A Stolypin, premier Russia (1906-11)
- 1866 Anne Sullivan [Johanna Macy], American teacher who educated Helen Keller, born in Feeding Hills, Massachusetts (d. 1936)
- 1868 Peter Behrens, German architect (d. 1940)
- 1870 Victor Borisov-Musatov, Russian painter (d. 1905)
- 1872 Abdullah Yusuf Ali, Indian-born Islamic scholar and translator (d. 1953)
- 1874 Count Alexander, of Athlone, gov-gen (South-Africa/Canada)
- 1876 Cecil Chubb, English barrister, gifted Stonehenge to the British nation, born in Shrewton (d. 1934)
- 1877 Daniel Plooy, Dutch new testament scholar
- 1879 James Branch Cabell, American novelist/essayist (Restless Heads)
- 1881 Anton Wildgans, Austrian writer/director (Burg Theater)
- 1882 Moritz Schlick, Austrian philosopher, (d. 1936)
- 1886 Edward C Tolman, US psychologist (behaviorism)
- 1886 Ernst R Curtius, German literature historian
Arnold J. Toynbee
1889 Arnold J. Toynbee, English historian (A Study of History), born in London (d. 1975)
Arnold J. Toynbee
B.R. Ambedkar
1891 B.R. Ambedkar [Baba Saheb], Indian politician, jurist (architect of the Constitution of India) and social reformer who inspired the Dalit Buddhist Movement, born in Mhow, India (d. 1956)
B.R. Ambedkar
- 1892 Vere G Childe, British archaeologist/prehistorian
- 1897 Barbara Wootten, U.K. baroness
- 1901 Martin Kessel, German writer, born in Plauen (d. 1990)
- 1902 Menachem A Schneerson, rebee (head of Lubavitcher Jews)
- 1904 Reinout W van Bemmelen, Dutch geologist
- 1904 Sonia Gaskell, Russian/Neth choreographer
- 1905 Elizabeth Huckaby, American educator (d. 1999)
Faisal of Saudia Arabia
1906 Faisal, King of Saudi Arabia (1964-75), born in Riyadh, Emirate of Nejd and Hasa (d. 1975)
- 1907 Francois "Doc" Duvalier, dictator of Haiti
- 1907 Otto F A H van Nispen, Dutch mayor (Pannerden)/MP (KVP)
- 1912 Robert Doisneau, photographer
- 1920 John Paul Stevens, Supreme Court Justice
- 1921 Thomas Schelling, American economist, (Nobel Prize 2005 - game-theory analysis), born in Oakland, California (d. 2016)
- 1923 William Darling, journalist
- 1925 Abel Muzorewa, bishop/premier (Rhodesia)
- 1926 Frank Daniel, Czech-born writer, director and teacher (d. 1996)
- 1929 William Edgar Thornton, Faison NC, MD/astronaut (STS-8, 51-B, sk:49)
- 1930 George W Gekas, (Rep-R-PA, 1983- )
- 1934 Fredric Jameson, American philosopher, cultural theorist
- 1935 Erich von Däniken, Zofingen, Aargau, Swiss writer (Chariots of the Gods)
- 1936 Frank Serpico, American policeman
- 1938 Gloria [Dean] Randle Scott, American educator/pres (Beaumont College)
- 1941 Anatoli Pavlocich Fyodorov, cosmonaut
- 1942 Valentin Vitaliyevich Lebedev, cosmonaut (Soyuz 13, 35, T-5)
- 1942 Björn Rosengren, Swedish politician
- 1943 Clarice Elaine Gaylord, director of research grants (EPA)
- 1943 Yvonne Vriens-Auerbach, Dutch politician (CDA)
- 1945 Tuilaepa Aiono Sailele Malielegaoi, 8th Prime Minister of Samoa
- 1946 Tom Monteleone, American writer (Dark Star & Illumination)
- 1948 Chester G Atkins, (Rep-D-MA)
- 1948 Ty Grimes, rocker (Capt Beefheart Band Drums
- 1948 Anastasios Papaligouras, Greek lawyer and politician
- 1949 DeAnne Julius, American/English economist
- 1950 Francis Collins, American scientist
- 1953 Irina Rudolfovna Pronina, Russian cosmonaut
- 1953 David Buss, Evolutionary psychologist
- 1954 Bruce Sterling, American sci-fi author (Involution Ocean, Schismatrix)
- 1966 André Boisclair, Quebec politician (Parti Québécois)
- 1969 Vebjørn Selbekk, Norwegian journalist
- 1971 Peter Gibson, American writer
- 1975 Anderson [da] Silva, Brazilian mixed martial artist (longest UFC title streak at 2,547 days), born in São Paulo, Brazil
- 1979 Randal McCloy, Survivor of the Sago Mine Disaster
- 1983 William Yaw Obeng, Arena Football League lineman