- 686 Charles Martel, Frankish leader and general (Battle of Tours), grandfather of Charlemagne, born in Herstal, Belgium (d. 741)
- 1486 Siegmund Freiherr von Herberstein, Austrian diplomat, born in Vipava, Slovenia (d. 1566)
- 1524 Francois Hotman/Hotomanus, French lawyer and diplomat (Anti-Tribonien), born in Paris (d. 1590)
- 1593 Fulvio Testi, Italian poet (Pianto d'Italia), born in Ferrara, Italy (d. 1646)
- 1623 Stanisław Lubieniecki, Polish astronomer, born in Raków, Kielce County, Poland (d. 1675)
- 1724 Abraham Yates, American Continental Congressman, born in Albany, New York (d. 1796)
- 1740 Ivan VI, Emperor of Russia (1740-41), born in Saint Petersburg, Russia (d. 1764)
- 1741 Jean-François de Galaup, comte de La Pérouse, French explorer (led 1785 voyage of discovery), born in Albi, France (d. c. 1788?)
- 1751 Louis-Francois Beffara, French lexicographer, born in Nonancourt, France (d. 1838)
Georges Cuvier
1769 Georges Cuvier [Jean Léopold Nicolas Frédéric Cuvier], French naturalist and zoologist, born in Montbéliard, France (d. 1832)
Georges Cuvier
- 1773 Jakob F. Fries, German philosopher, born in Barby, Germany (d. 1843)
- 1783 William Tierney Clark, English civil engineer, born in Bristol, England (d. 1852)
- 1805 Anton von Schmerling, Austrian statesman, born in Lichtental, Vienna, Austria (d. 1893)
- 1814 James Roosevelt Bayley, first Bishop of Newark, New Jersey, and the eighth Archbishop of Baltimore, born in NYC, New York (d. 1877)
- 1818 Rufus Ingalls, American Brevet Major General (Union Army), born in Denmark, Maine (d. 1893)
- 1829 Moritz B. Cantor, German historian of mathematics, born in Mannheim, Germany (d. 1920)
- 1832 Alexander Chambers, American Brigadier General (Union Army), born in Cattaraugus, New York (d. 1888)
- 1836 Marie Henriette of Austria, Queen of the Belgians, born in Buda Castle, Budapest, Hungary (d. 1902)
- 1843 William Southam, Canadian newspaper publisher, born in Montreal, Quebec (d. 1932)
- 1846 Alexander Milne Calder, Scottish-American sculptor, born in Aberdeen, Scotland (d. 1923)
- 1847 Sarah Frances Whiting, American physicist and astronomer, born in Wyoming, New York (d. 1927)
- 1849 William Ernest Henley, British poet, critic, and editor, born in Gloucester, England (d. 1903)
- 1852 Arnold Toynbee, English economic historian and social reformer, born in London (d. 1883)
- 1852 Clímaco Calderón, President of Colombia for one day in 1882, born in Santa Rosa de Viterbo, Colombia (d. 1913)
- 1864 Eleftherios K. Venizalos, Premier of Greece (1910-15, 28-32), born in Mournies, Greece (d. 1936)
- 1867 Marcel Schwob, French writer and journalist (Le Croisade des Enfants), born in Chaville, France (d. 1905)
- 1869 Edgar Lee Masters, American poet and novelist (Spoon River Anthology), born in Garnett, Kansas (d. 1950)
- 1869 James (Sunny Jim) Rolph, San Francisco mayor (1912-31), born in San Francisco, California (d. 1934)
- 1875 William Eccles, English physicist and radio pioneer, born in Barrow-in-Furness, England (d. 1966)
- 1875 Eugene Lanceray, Russian artist, born in Pavlovsk, Saint Petersburg, Russia (d. 1946)
- 1880 Alexander Grin, Russian novelist (Jessie and Morgiana), born in Vyatka, Kirov Oblast, Russia (d. 1932)
- 1881 Louis Schelfhout, Dutch painter and graphic artist, born in The Hague, Netherlands (d. 1943)
- 1883 Jonathan Mayhew Wainwright IV, American army officer, born in Fort Walla Walla, Washington (d. 1953)
- 1884 Ogden L. Mills, U.S. Secretary of the Treasury (1927-1932), born in Newport, Rhode Island (d. 1937)
- 1885 Henry Thomas Tizard, English chemist and inventor, born in Gillingham, Kent, England (d. 1959)
- 1889 Alfred Lichtenstein, German writer, born in Berlin, Germany (d. 1914)
- 1894 James La Guma, South African political activist and trade unionist, born in Cape Town (d. 1961)
- 1901 Cecil Rolph Hewitt, English journalist and policeman, born in London (d. 1994)
- 1901 John Sherman Cooper, American politician and U.S. Ambassador to East Germany, born in Somerset, Kentucky (d. 1991)
- 1903 Mauritius van Haegendoren, Flemish historian and senator, born in Leuven, Belgium (d. 1994)
- 1908 Arthur Adamov, Russian-French playwright (Paolo Paoli), born in Kislovodsk, Terek Oblast, Russia (d. 1970)
- 1908 Cornelis van Dis Sr., Dutch chemist and politician, born in Leiden, Netherlands
- 1908 Hannah Frank, Scottish artist and sculptor, born in Glasgow, Scotland (d. 2008)
- 1911 Albert Alberts, Dutch writer and journalist (French battle), born in Haarlem, Netherlands (d. 1996)
- 1912 Jara Ribnikar, Serbian writer, born in Königgrätz, Bohemia (d. 2007)
- 1912 Harry Kissin, Baron Kissin, British businessman and President (GPG), born in Gdańsk, Poland (d. 1997)
- 1913 Stanley Kitchen, British chartered accountant
- 1919 Robert Crichton-Brown, Australian businessman and CEO (Rothmans International), born in Melbourne, Australia (d. 2013)
- 1921 Kenneth Arrow, American economist, (Nobel Prize 1972), born in NYC, New York (d. 2017)
- 1922 Brian Young, Chairman (Christian Aid), born in Sri Lanka (d. 2016)
- 1922 Jack Boddy, British trade union leader, born in Norwich (d. 2004)
- 1924 Denis Sargan, British econometrician, born in Doncaster, Yorkshire (d. 1996)
- 1924 Siti Hartinah Suharto, 2nd First Lady of Indonesia, wife of President Suharto of Indonesia, born in Jaten village, Surakarta, Central Java (d. 1996)
- 1926 Clifford Geertz, American anthropologist (symbolic anthropology), born in San Francisco, California (d. 2006)
- 1927 Dick Bruna, Dutch illustrator (Miffy books), born in Utrecht (d. 2017)
- 1927 Houari Boumédiènne, President of Algeria (1965-78), born in Clauzel, Algeria (d. 1978)
- 1927 John Hoskyns, Policy Advisor to Margaret Thatcher (1979-82) (d. 2014)
- 1930 Andy Ireland, American politician (U.S. House of Representatives from Florida), born in Cincinnati, Ohio
- 1930 John Fairclough, British scientific adviser and computer designer, born in Yorkshire (d. 2003)
- 1930 Michel Rocard, French politician, Prime Minister of France (1988-91), born in Courbevoie, Paris (d. 2016)
- 1931 Richard Vincent, Baron Vincent of Coleshill, British chief of Defense, born in Uxbridge, Middlesex, England
- 1933 Pete Wilson, American politician (36th Governor of California), born in Lake Forest, Illinois
- 1933 Robert Curl, American chemist (Nobel 1996), born in Alice, Texas
- 1935 Brendan Jackson, British air marshal, born in London (d. 1998)
- 1936 Henry Lee Lucas, American drifter and serial killer, born in Blacksburg, Virginia (d. 2001)
- 1939 Charles Wardle, British Member of Parliament for Bexhill and Battle
- 1939 Ronnie A. Casseres, minister of Dutch Antilles, born in Curaçao
- 1940 Thomas A. Steitz, American Biochemist (2009 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for ribosome discoveries), born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin (d. 2018)
- 1943 Dale Campbell-Savours, British Labour Party politician
- 1943 Peter Lilley, British Conservative Party politician and Secretary of state for British social security, born in Hayes, Kent, England
- 1943 Nelson DeMille, American action adventure and suspense novels author (Plum Island), born in Jamaica, Queens, New York
- 1944 Antonia Novello, 14th US Surgeon General (1990-92) 1dt woman and Hispanic holder, born in Farjardo, Puerto Rico
- 1948 Andrei Pleşu, Romanian writer and essayist, born in Bucharest, Romania
- 1948 Daniel Ruettiger "Rudy", University of Notre Dame football legend, born in Joliet, Illinois
- 1949 Norah Ellen O'Neill, first woman pilot for Alaska Central Air (1974), born in Seattle, Washington
- 1951 Queen Noor of Jordan [Lisa Najeeb Halaby], American born wife of King Hussein, born in Washington, D.C.
- 1951 Akhmad Kadyrov, 1st President of Chechnya, born in Karaganda, Kazakh SSR, Soviet Union (d. 2004)
- 1953 Klaus-Dietrich Flade, German cosmonaut (Soyuz TM-14), born in Büdesheim, Germany
- 1956 David Wolf, American astronaut (STS 58, sk: 89/91), born in Indianapolis, Indiana
- 1956 Andreas Floer, German mathematician (Floer homology), born in Duisburg, Germany (d. 1991)
- 1956 Valgerd Svarstad Haugland, Norwegian politician, born in Kvam, Norway
- 1960 Helen Rees, director (Design Museum)
- 1960 Rodney Alan Greenblat, American graphic artist, born in San Francisco, California
- 1962 Martin Cauchon, Canadian politician (Minister of Justice 2002-03), born in La Malbaie, Quebec, Canada
- 1964 Kong Hee, Singaporean founder and Senior Pastor of the City Harvest movement in Asia
- 1967 Nancy Cox, American news anchor, Miss Kentucky (1991), born in Campbellsville, Kentucky
- 1969 Keith Tyson, English artist, born in Ulverston, United Kingdom
- 1970 Lawrence Frank, American head coach, born in NYC, New York
- 1971 Gretchen Whitmer, American politician, Governor of Michigan (2019-), born in Lansing, Michigan
- 1977 Jared Fogle, American spokesperson known as the Subway Guy, born in Indianapolis, Indiana
- 1981 Ozzy Lusth, American Survivor contestant, born in Guanajuato, Mexico
- 1982 YTCracker [Bryce Case, Jr.], American hip-hop artist, born in La Mirada, California