- Jan 27 Thomas Willis, English physician (d. 1675)
- Feb 2 Johannes Schefferus, Alsatian-born humanist (d. 1679)
- Feb 14 Sybilla Schwarz, German baroque poet, born in Greifswald, Germany (d. 1638)
- Mar 31 Andrew Marvell, English poet (To His Coy Mistress), born in Winestead, England (d. 1678)
- Apr 1 Guru Teg Bahadur Ji, ninth Nanak, 9th of 10 Guru of the Sikhs, born in Amritsar, India (d. 1675)
- Apr 23 William Penn, English admiral and politician, father of the founder of the Province of Pennsylvania, born in St. Thomas Parish, Bristol (d. 1670)
- Apr 25 Roger Boyle, 1st Earl of Orrery, British soldier, statesman, and dramatist, born in Lismore, County Waterford, Ireland (d. 1679)
- Jul 8 Jean de la Fontaine, French poet (Fables), born in Château-Thierry, Aisne, France (d. 1695)
- Jul 22 Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st earl of Shaftesbury, English statesman who tried to bar Catholic James II from throne (Lord Chancellor 1672-73), born in Wimborne St Giles, England (d. 1683)
- Aug 19 Gerbrand van den Eeckhout, Dutch painter, born in Amsterdam (d. 1674)
- Sep 5 Juan Andrés Coloma, Spanish noble, born in Elda, Spain (d. 1694)
- Sep 8 Louis II Condé, Duke of Bourbon (Rocroy), born in Paris (d. 1686)
- Oct 8 Maximilian Henry of Bayern, Archbishop-Elector of Cologne, Bishop of Hildesheim and Bishop of Liège, born in Munich, Germany (d. 1688)
- Nov 3 Renatus Rapinus [René Rapin], French Jesuit theologian and poet (Hortorum libri IV), born in Tours, France (d. 1687)
- Nov 20 Avvakum, Russian Orthodox archpriest and writer, born in Grigorovo, Nizhny Novgorod (d. 1682)
- Dec 23 Edmund Berry Godfrey, English magistrate (d. 1678)
- Dec 23 Heneage Finch, 1st Earl of Nottingham, Lord Chancellor of England (d. 1682)