- Jan 1 Antoinette du Ligier de la Guard Deshoulieres, French poet and literary figure, born in Paris (d. 1694)
- Jan 1 Emperor Go-Sai of Japan (d. 1685)
- Jan 11 Nicolas Steno, Danish scientist prominent in anatomy and geology, and later Catholic priest, bishop, and candidate for sainthood, born in Copenhagen, Denmark (d. 1686)
- Jan 12 Ernst Rüdiger von Starhemberg, Austrian field marshal (1683 successfully defended Vienna against Ottoman siege), born in Graz, Styria (d. 1701)
- Jan 24 Charles Sackville, 6th Earl of Dorset, English poet (d. 1706)
- Mar 14 Johann Georg Gichtel, German mystic and religious leader, born in Regensburg, Germany (d. 1710)
- Mar 15 Shunzhi Emperor of China (1644-1661) Third Qing Emperor, born in Shengjing (d. 1661)
- Mar 23 Frederik Ruysch, Dutch anatomist and botanist (developed techniques for preserving specimens), born in The Hague, Dutch Republic (d. 1731)
- May 6 Henry Capell, 1st Baron Capell, English politician and First Lord of the British Admiralty, born in Hadham Parva, Hertfordshire (d. 1696)
- May 13 Richard Simon, French Biblical critic (d. 1712)
- Jun 15 Samuel Apostool, Dutch vicar/theologist (The Sun)
- Jul 6 Gerrit Berckheyde, Dutch painter, born in Haarlem, Netherlands (d. 1698)
- Jul 10 David Teniers III, Flemish painter, born in Antwerp, Belgium (d. 1685)
- Aug 6 Nicolas Malebranche, French rationalist philosopher, born in Paris (d. 1715)
Louis XIV (1638-1715)
Sep 5 King of France (1643-1715), known as "The Sun King", had longest reign in country, born in Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France
Maria Theresa of Spain (1638-1683)
Sep 10 Queen of Louis XIV of France, born in El Escorial, Spain
- Oct 18 Lars Johnstown [Lasse Lucidor], Swedish poet
- Oct 31 Meindert Hobbema, Dutch landscape painter, baptized in Amsterdam (d. 1709)
- Nov 25 Catherine of Braganza, Portuguese Roman Catholic Queen of Charles II of England, born in Vila Vicosa, Portugal (d. 1705)
- Dec 24 Ralph Montagu, 1st Duke of Montagu, English diplomat, born in London, England (d. 1709) (baptism date)