- Jan 27 Johann Nicholas von Hontheim, German church historian and theologian (febronianism), born in Trier (d. 1790)
- Jan 28 Charles Marie de La Condamine, French mathematician and geographer (d. 1774)
- Feb 14 Enrique Florez, Spanish historian, born in Valladolid, Spain (d. 1773)
- Mar 18 Niclas Sahlgren, Swedish merchant and philanthropist (d. 1776)
- Apr 27 Charles Emanuel III of Savoy, King of Sardinia, born in Turin (d. 1773)
- May 14 William Emerson, English mathematician (d. 1782)
- Jun 22 Nikolaj Eigtved, Danish architect (Christiansborg Castle)
- Jul 15 Pierre Joubert, became the oldest known Canadian (113 years 124 days at his death)
- Aug 4 Thomas Blackwell, Scottish classical scholar, born in Aberdeen, Scotland (d. 1757)
- Oct 15 Marie-Marguerite d'Youville, first native Canadian canonized (founded the Order of Sisters of Charity of Montreal), born in Varennes, Quebec (d. 1771)
- Oct 18 Charles le Beau, French historian (d. 1778)
- Oct 22 Maria Amalia of Austria, Holy Roman Empire Empress as the spouse of Emperor Charles VII, born in Hofburg Palace, Vienna, Archduchy of Austria, Holy Roman Empire (d. 1756)
- Nov 5 Pietro Longhi, Venetian painter, born in Venice (d. 1785)
Anders Celsius (1701-1744)
Nov 27 Swedish astronomer (proposed the Celsius temperature scale), born in Uppsala, Sweden
