- Jan 3 Richard Gridley, American Revolutionary soldier (d. 1796)
- Feb 15 Louis XV 'Louis the Beloved', King of France (1715-74), born in the Palace of Versailles, France (d. 1774)
- Feb 21 Willem van Haren, Dutch poet (Human Life), born in Leeuwarden (d. 1768)
- Apr 15 William Cullen, Scottish physician and chemist, born in Hamilton, Lanarkshire, Scotland (d. 1790)
- Apr 17 Henry Erskine, 10th Earl of Buchan, British Freemason (d. 1767)
- Apr 25 James Ferguson, Scottish astronomer, born in Banffshire, Scotland (d. 1776)
- Apr 26 Thomas Reid, Scottish philosopher and founder of Scottish School of Common Sense, born in Strachan, Scotland (d. 1796)
- Apr 30 Johann Kaspar Basselet von La Rosée, Bavarian general, born in Arlon, Province of Luxembourg, Belgium (d. 1795)
- May 14 Adolf Frederik, King of Sweden (1751-70), born in Gottorp, Schleswig, Duchy of Schleswig (d. 1771)
- May 16 William Talbot, 1st Earl Talbot, English politician (d. 1782)
- May 23 François Gaspard Adam, French sculptor (garden sculptures), born in Nancy, France (d. 1761)
- Jun 10 James Short, Scottish mathematician and manufacturer of telescopes, born in Edinburgh (d. 1768)
- Jul 21 Paul Möhring, German physician and scientist, born in Jever, Germany (d. 1792)
- Aug 20 Thomas Simpson, English mathematician (rule of Simpson), born in Sutton Cheney, Leicestershire (d. 1761)
- Sep 3 Abraham Trembley, Swiss naturalist (first to study freshwater polyps or hydra), born in Geneva, Switzerland (d. 1784)
- Sep 30 John Russell, 4th Duke of Bedford, British statesman (d. 1771)
- Oct 12 Jonathan Trumbull, American politician and statesman, born in Lebanon, Connecticut (d. 1785)
- Oct 16 Andreas Hadik, Austro-Hungarian general (d. 1790)
- Oct 24 Alban Butler, English Catholic priest and writer, born in Northampton, England (d. 1773)
- Nov 8 Sarah Fielding, English writer (The Adventures of David Simple), born in East Stour, England (d. 1768)
- Nov 10 Adam Gottlob Moltke, Danish statesman, born in Walkendorf, Germany (d. 1792)
- Nov 13 Charles Simon Favart, French dramatist, born in Paris (d. 1792)
- Nov 19 Reynier de Klerk, Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (1778-80) [baptized], born in Middelburg, Dutch Republic (d. 1780)
- Nov 27 Robert Lowth, British Bishop of the Church of England and grammarian (A Short Introduction to English Grammar), born in Winchester, England (d. 1787)