- Jan 10 Christian August Crusius, German philosopher and theologian, born in Leuna, Germany (d. 1775)
- Jan 26 Claude Helvetius, philosopher, born in Paris, France
- Mar 4 James Waldegrave, 2nd Earl Waldegrave, British statesman (d. 1763)
- Mar 7 Ephraim Williams, American philanthropist, born in Newton, Massachusetts (d. 1755)
- Mar 7 Ewald Christian von Kleist, German poet (d. 1759)
- Apr 3 John Hanson, Continental Congressman, 1st US President under Articles of Confederation, born in Maryland (d.1783)
- Apr 3 William Watson, English physician and scientist, born in London (d. 1787)
- May 4 Richard Graves, English writer, born in Mickleton, Gloucestershire (d. 1804)
- May 22 François-Joachim de Pierre de Bernis, French cardinal and statesma, born in Saint-Marcel d'Ardèche, France (d. 1794)
- Jun 25 Joseph-François Foulon, French politician, born in Saumur, Maine-et-Loire, France (d. 1789)
- Jul 4 Christian Fürchtegott Gellert, German poet and novelist (Fables & Tales), born in Hainchen, Germany (d. 1769)
- Jul 16 Charles de Rohan, Prince de Soubise, Marshal of France, born in Paris (d. 1787)
- Jul 25 Immanuel J. Pyra, German poet (Temple of Real Poetry), born in Kottbus, Brandenburg, Germany(d. 1744)
- Aug 6 Luc de Clapiers, marquis de Vauvenargues, French writer, born in Aix-en-Provence, France (d. 1747)
- Sep 22 Jean-Étienne Guettard, French physician and scientist (d. 1786)
- Sep 30 Étienne Bonnot de Condillac, French philosopher (d. 1780)
- Oct 5 Victor de Riqueti, marquis de Mirabeau, French economist, born in Pertuis, France (d. 1789)
- Oct 8 Michel Benoist, French Jesuit missionary and scientist, born in Dijon, France (d. 1774)
- Oct 23 Peter II Alexeyevich, Tsar of Russia (1727-30), born in Saint Petersburg, Russia (d. 1730)
- Nov 5 John Brown, English writer, born in Rothbury, Northumberland, England (d. 1766)
- Nov 8 Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel-Bevern, Queen of Prussia as wife of Frederik II the Great, born in Schloss Bevern, Germany (d. 1797)
- Nov 13 Dorothea Erxleben, German first female medical doctor, born in Quedlinburg, Germany (d. 1762)
- Nov 23 Pierre Charles Le Monnier, French astronomer (d. 1799)
- Dec 8 John Althuysen, Frisian vicar and poet (Frisianche rymlery)
- Dec 27 Philippe de Noailles, duc de Mouchy, French soldier (d. 1794)