- Jan 2 Jacques-Alexandre Laffon de Ladebat, French shipbuilder (d. 1797)
- Jan 3 Francisco José Freire, Portuguese historian (d. 1773)
- Jan 17 William Vernon, American merchant (d. 1806)
- Jan 23 John Landen, English mathematician, born in England, United Kingdom (d. 1790)
- Jan 28 Johann Elias Schlegel, German critic and poet (d. 1749)
- Mar 4 Aert Schouman, Dutch bird and portrait painter (d. 1792)
- Mar 4 George Pigot, Baron Pigot, British governor of Madras (d. 1777)
- Mar 13 John Griffin Whitwell, 4th Baron Howard de Walden, British field marshal, born in Oundle, Northamptonshire (d. 1797)
- May 20 Roger Newdigate, British politician (sat in the House of Commons 1742-80), born in Arbury, Warwickshire (d. 1806)
- Jun 2 Michel-Jean Sedaine, French dramatist (Le Philosophe sans le savoir), born in Paris (d. 1797)
- Jun 11 Franz K von Velbruck, German free mason/prince-bishop of Luik
- Jun 28 Étienne François, duc de Choiseul, French statesman, born in Nancy, France (d. 1785)
- Aug 4 Johann Gottlob Lehmann, German minerologist and geologist, born in Bad Gottleuba-Berggießhübel, Germany (d. 1767)
- Aug 20 Charles-François de Broglie, French soldier and diplomat, marquis de Ruffec, born in Paris (d. 1791)
- Aug 20 Christian Mayer, Czech Catholic priest and astronomer, born in Modřice, Moravia (d. 1783)
- Aug 27 Jan Nepveu, Dutch governor of Suriname (1768-79), born in Amsterdam (d. 1779)
- Sep 27 Abraham Gotthelf Kästner, German mathematician, born in Leipzig, Electorate of Saxony (d. 1800)
- Oct 17 Jacques Cazotte, French writer (d. 1792)
- Oct 20 Gottfried Achenwall, German lawyer, statistician and economist
- Nov 30 Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, Princess of Wales by marriage to Frederick, Prince of Wales, born in Gotha, Duchy of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, Germany (d. 1772)