- Jan 3 Fredric Hasselquist, Swedish naturalist (d. 1752)
- Jan 26 Alexander Carlyle, Cummertrees, Dumfriesshire, Scottish church leader (Moderator of the General Assembly 1770)
- Feb 19 Tiphaigne de la Roche, French writer (d. 1774)
- Apr 11 Christopher Smart, English poet & journalist (Ceremony of Carols), born in Shipbourne, England (d. 1771)
- May 11 Petrus Camper, Dutch anatomist and anthropologist who studied comparative anatomy, paleontology and the facial angle, born in Leiden, Netherlands (d. 1789)
- May 29 James FitzGerald, 1st Duke of Leinster, Irish politician, born in Drogheda, Louth, Ireland (d. 1773)
- Jul 16 Joseph Wilton, English sculptor (Westminster Abbey), born in London (d. 1803)
- Jul 22 Jean-Noel/Joannes Natalis Paquot, Belgian priest/historian
- Aug 9 Augustus William, Prince of Prussia, born in Stadtschloss, Berlin, Prussia (d. 1758)
- Aug 11 Richard Brocklesby, English physician (d. 1797)
- Sep 5 Frederick Christian, Elector of Saxony, born in Dresden Castle, Dresden, Germany (d. 1763)
- Sep 16 Gabriel Christie, British general, born in Stirling, Scotland (d. 1799)
- Sep 22 John Home, Scottish writer (d. 1808)
Samuel Adams
Sep 27 Samuel Adams, American revolutionary (Boston Massacre-Tea Party) and politician (Lt Gov-Mass, 1789-94), born in Boston, Massachusetts (d. 1803)
Samuel Adams
- Oct 2 Leopold Widhalm, Austrian luthier, born in Horn, Austria (d. 1776)
- Nov 5 William Byron, 5th Baron Byron, English nobleman and politician, born in Clayton, Lancashire, England (d. 1798)
- Nov 19 Leopold Auenbrugger, Austrian physician (invented percussion as a diagnostic technique), born in Graz, Duchy of Styria (d. 1809)
- Nov 19 Benjamin Chew, Chief Justice of colonial Pennsylvania, born in Anne Arundel County, Maryland (d. 1810)
- Nov 30 Théodore Gardelle, Swiss painter and enameler, born in Geneva, Switzerland (d. 1761)
- Dec 1 Anna Louisa Karsch "Die Karschin", German poet, born in Hammer, Silesia (d. 1791)
- Dec 3 Hryhorii Skovoroda, Ukrainian poet and philosopher, born in Chernukhi, Lubny Regiment, Cossack Hetmanate (d. 1794)
- Dec 23 Axel Fredrik Cronstedt, Swedish Chemist who discovered nickel and tungsten, born in Turinge, Sweden (d. 1765)
- Dec 30 Charles Yorke, Lord Chancellor of Great Britain (d. 1770)