- Jan 22 Philip Carteret, British Naval Officer who twice circumnavigated the world for the navy (commanded 1st European ship to discover Pitcairn Island), born on Jersey (d. 1796)
Benjamin Lincoln (1733-1810)
Jan 24 American military officer (Battles of Saratoga, Charleston and Yorktown during the American Revolutionary War), born in Hingham, Massachusetts
Joseph Priestley (1733-1804)
Mar 24 English chemist, theologian and author who discovered oxygen and carbonated water, born in Birstall, England
- Apr 27 Josef Gottlieb Kölreuter, German Botanist who pioneered the study of plant hybrids, especially among the tobacco plants, born in Sulz am Neckar, Germany (d. 1806)
- May 4 Jean-Charles de Borda, French mathematician, physicist, political scientist, and sailor, born in Dax, France (d. 1799)
- May 11 Victoire of France, daughter of king Louis XV (d. 1799)
- Jun 20 Betty Washington, younger sister of George Washington, born in Westmoreland County, Colony of Virginia (d. 1797)
- Jul 22 Mikhail Shcherbatov, Russian philosopher and writer (d. 1790)
- Jul 27 Jeremiah Dixon, English surveyor and astronomer, born in Cockfield, County Durham, England (d. 1779)
- Sep 18 George Read, American judge and signer (Declaration of Independence), born in Cecil County, Maryland (d. 1798)
- Oct 14 François Sébastien Charles Joseph de Croix, Count of Clerfayt, Austrian field marshal, born in Hainaut, Austrian Netherlands (d. 1798)